An Integrative Perspective on Social Justice: Distributive and Procedural Fairness Evaluations of Positive and Negative Outcome Allocations

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the integration of distributive and procedural justice in positive and negative outcome allocations. The framework consists of seven basic assumptions, seven propositions, and seven groups of interrelated hypotheses. The expected outcome offers a coherent program for future justice research based on the realization that distributive and procedural aspects of fairness cannot be meaningfully treated (1) in isolation from one another, and (2) without taking into account the valence of the allocated outcome. The framework should also reveal the need to reassess existing distributive and procedural justice study conclusions that neglected to examine the interactive effects of the allocation outcome (distribution) and the procedure and the outcome valence.     

Female victims of child sexual abuse: Adult adjustment

A questionnaire administered to a University sample of 245 female victims of sexual child abuse and 750 nonvictims attempted to determine whether abuse is related to poor adult social and psychological adjustment. The instrument consisted of three outcome measures of adjustment, variables directly related to abuse, perceived satisfaction with early family life, and demographic data. Only one of the outcome measures — the Texas Social Behavior Inventory — yielded a statistically significant difference between the samples. There was a steady, significant and progressive increase in maladjustment between the nonabused, the nonincestuously abused and the incest victims. When controls were applied for levels of satisfaction with early family life, differences between the abused and nonabused samples disappeared. Those abused as children who reported good treatment by parents exhibited no ill effects as adults on the TSBI.     

The Adoption of Outcome-Related Performance Indicators in External Reporting: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT

Contemporary government reforms are changing how performance is measured and evaluated, by shifting the focus from inputs and processes to outputs and outcomes. This study uses agency theory, institutional theory, and organizational information processing theory to hypothesize and assess how particular organizational and institutional factors affect the disclosure of outcome information by public organizations, drawing on an empirical analysis of 214 Italian public organizations. Organizational size, mode of service delivery, and the degree of regulation are all strongly associated with the disclosure of outcome indicators in external performance reports.     

试论主体性教育的联系生活策略

教育源于生活,教育与生活密切联系。教育教学活动与师生的现实生活相联系、相贴近,对学生知识的掌握、情感的培养、创造性思维发展以及主体性的全面生成有着重要的价值,生活认识论、德国化教育学以及教育史上的相关理论都为此提供了坚实的理论依据,发展和培养学生的主体性,要采取与师生的日常现实生活相联邦缃贴近的教学策略。     

"知识引进运动"的终结——四评邓正来教授的《中国法学向何处去》

晚清以还,中国社会秩序开始发生巨大变化,与之相应,中国知识界在正当化社会秩序的过程中,开始大规模地引进西方社会科学知识,这一运动至今已逾百年.通过对百年来中国知识界引进西方社会科学知识的内在逻辑进行分析,认为,从总体上看,中国知识界对西方社会科学知识的引进可以梳理出三个阶段,分别用梁启超、李泽厚、邓正来加以代表.百年来的知识引进运动,其内在逻辑是中国知识分子从盲目崇洋到主体突显的过程,因此在根本上也就是一个知识引进运动终结的过程.     

论未遂犯的处罚根据

世界各国的刑法大都规定了未遂犯,未遂犯为何遭受处罚即未遂犯的处罚根据则是中外刑法学者期望解开的谜团.为解开这个谜团,大陆法系出现了主观的未遂论、客观的未遂论和折中的未遂论的理论对立.主观的未遂论认为未遂犯的处罚根据是实现犯罪的行为者的意思或性格的危险性的外部表现.客观的未遂论认为未遂犯的处罚根据是惹起构成要件结果的客观危险性.折中的未遂论认为未遂犯的处罚根据在于实现犯罪的现实危险性和行为人的主观恶性.通过比较研究,我们认为折中的未遂论应是我国刑法中未遂犯的处罚根据.     

刑法中行为理论之比较--兼论我国刑法中的行为概念

行为在大陆法系国家及我国刑法理论中是个有争议的概念.大陆法系以行为为基石,构建犯罪论体系,学者们争议的是行为概念的内容.我国学者在既有的犯罪构成框架内质疑行为理论的意义,对刑法中行为概念的内容却形成了通说--刑法中的行为指危害行为.刑法中的行为理论是对刑法的哲学探究,对此问题的研究,对于理解行为这一犯罪的具体要件具有重要意义.     

试论正当防卫的主观意识

正当防卫制度是我国刑法的一项重要制度,在社会呼唤正义、倡导见义勇为的今天,正当防卫制度尤为社会公众所关注。主观条件是正当防卫的重要构成条件之一,正当防卫主观意识、变化了的防卫意识可以导致防卫过当。我们应采取措施培养公民形成正当防卫意识,从而达到使公民充分行使正当防卫权,有效、及时地打击各种违法犯罪行为的目的。     

女大学生就业难的主观原因分析及对策

女大学生就业难成为了一个不容忽视的社会问题。其主观原因包括:部分女大学生的素质和能力不能满足用人单位的要求;就业观念陈旧,对就业竞争缺乏自信心。女大学生应从上述客观原因出发,认清就业形势和自身的优劣势,积极应对,调整心态,完善自我。     

犯罪动机的本源、性质和形成

犯罪动机的本源是人的需要，需要与动机的区别在于动机具有需要中所没有的行为指向和行为手段与方式。需要无是非善恶之分。通常所谓的犯罪意图或意向就是犯罪动机。犯罪动机具有主观恶性和有意识性的特点，不存在所谓中性的或善的犯罪动机，也不存在所谓的无意识犯罪动机。犯罪动机的形成过程经历从需要不能满足、缺乏调节能力、采用犯罪手段三个阶段。犯罪动机可以独立于犯罪行为而存在，犯罪动机的产生并不意味着犯罪行为的必然发生。