基于未确知数理论的教学质量评价方法

文章基于教学评价信息不确定性的特点,提出了教学质量评价的未确知数学模型,该模型不仅能得到以区间形式表示的评价结果,也能获得各可能值区间对应的主观可信度,这为教学质量以及其他问题的评价提供了较为合理的方法。实例分析表明,未确知数理论应用于教学质量评价上,在理论上是可行的,评价结果也令人满意。     

金融诈骗犯罪主观目的诉讼证明困境与出路论

金融诈骗犯罪主观目的的内涵与证明标准和证明程度是判断金融欺诈行为是否构成犯罪的关键。长期以来理论界的众说纷纭导致了诉讼证明的困难重重 ,进而导致了司法实践的主观随意。为公正合理地处理金融诈骗犯罪案件 ,解决诉讼证明的司法困境 ,需要在刑法中对金融诈骗的犯罪构成进行分段规制 ;并需规范推定的司法适用     

Character-building and freedom in education

Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows, is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public accountability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preferential selection and outcome justice: Effects of justification and merit discrepancy

In applying the relative deprivation theory to preferential selection research, Singer (1991) used a within-subjects design and showed that ethnicity-based selection induced feelings of injustice among the disadvantaged target group, the Europeans; and that the level of felt injustice could be predicted by the discrepancy in merits between the successful minority candidate and the rejected European candidate. This study aimed to cross-validate the findings with a between-subjects design, and to ascertain whether the provision of either an ideological or a causal justification would reduce feelings of injustice. The results replicated previous findings and further showed that either type of justification exacerbated perceptions of injustice among European respondents, but it had no effect on fairness perceptions of Asian subjects. The theoretical implications of the results were discussed.     

对丢失枪支不报罪客观方面的研究

行为人构成丢失枪支不报罪,客观上必须具备三个要素,即:丢失枪支的行为,这是构成本罪的前提条件;不及时报告的行为,即行为人在枪支丢失后没有及时报告,这是构成本罪的关键所在,是本罪刑法意义上的危害行为;造成严重后果,这是构成本罪的结果要件。     

正当防卫认定客观标准的反思与出路——以英美法系为视角

正当防卫的认定标准在英美法系与大陆法系中大相径庭。在英美法系中,正当防卫的成立采用主观标准,以行为人为视角,以"真诚而合理"为纽带构建体系。英美法系主观化标准的引入有利于弥补大陆法系正当防卫制度的不足。以防卫限度为例,行为过当说、结果过当说、二重标准说各有不足,究其原因,大陆法系在正当防卫成立条件上均以客观事实为标准,因而机械生硬。除此以外,客观标准在对假想防卫主观心态、未成年人防卫限度等问题的解决上捉襟见肘,引入英美法系主观判断标准颇有裨益。     

The Key Role of Selbstgefühl in Philosophy's Aesthetic and Historical Turns

Abstract

In Selbstgefühl, Manfred Frank provides a detailed study of the eighteenth century origins and contemporary philosophical implications of a unique kind of direct self-awareness. The growing significance of this phenomenon is closely related to three interconnected developments in modern philosophy, which I describe as the ‘subjective turn’, the ‘aesthetic turn’, and the ‘historical turn’. While following Frank in emphasising key concepts in the first of these two turns, I add a stress on the historical turn in post-Kantian philosophical writing.     

受教育权的客观价值秩序功能探析

在传统宪法权利二分法理论下,公民受教育权利的实现依赖立法裁量。公民受教育权被视为＂方针＂与＂宣誓＂而抽象与不确定,其实现面临严重障碍。借鉴德国宪法权利二重性理论,重视受教育权的客观价值秩序功能,是公权机关正确履行职责,实现公民受教育权的可行之路。     

文化养成德育与健康社会文化环境建构——对优化社会文化环境以提高青少年德育实效性的思考

通过调查发现,当前一些大众传媒为了追求经济效益,在价值取向和内容选择上存在着篡改和妄言历史、一味沉溺娱乐、肆意渲染情色等等问题,青少年健康成长的社会文化环境被污染。要改变这种状况,把青少年培养成社会主义"四有"新人,就必须要优化社会养成环境、重视健康文化熏陶;重视综合素质与能力培养、塑造学生的优良公民品质;加强文化和道德建设的制度调控、培养学生知行合一的实践理性。     

盗窃罪中数额要素的作用新探——从规范层面分析

盗窃罪中的数额因素决定着盗窃罪成立与否，同时对于盗窃罪既遂与未遂的认定也有影响，但是不同类型的盗窃案件中，数额因素所起的作用是不同的。分析盗窃罪的既遂与未遂不但要考察盗窃行为本身的既遂与否，还要考察盗窃的数额是否达到法定要求。在认定盗窃罪的成立及形态时应该坚持主客观相统一的原则，并在坚持结果无价值的立场上评价认识错误情形下的盗窃行为。