“2010年形成有中国特色法律体系”的思考

中共十五大提出了"2010年形成有中国特色社会主义法律体系"的立法目标,九届全国人大又提出了"在本届任期内初步形成有中国特色社会主义法律体系".有中国特色社会主义法律体系的"初步形成"与"形成"是两个不同阶段的立法规划目标;法治国家实现的时间表与中国现代化目标的实现相衔接;现存的社会关系是法律体系设计的根据;我国应当建立宪法诉讼制度.     

论冲突规范的工具性价值

冲突规范素有“桥梁法”之称,但人们在研究其价值的时候却大多关注其目的性价值。冲突规范的价值实现过程是动态的,在冲突规范的价值系中不仅包括目的性价值,还包括工具性价值。本文从冲突规范结构和属性的特点、冲突规范与实体规范的关系及冲突规范在国际法领域的特殊作用方面对冲突规范的工具性价值进行了一定的研究和探讨。     

不起诉制度价值追求及其评价

不起诉可分为法定不起诉、酌量不起诉、存疑不起诉、无罪不起诉。不起诉制度有其自在的价值追求 ,对公正、人权、安定、效率的追求。但同时 ,具体的法律规范与不起诉制度的价值追求又有冲突。这种冲突应通过对价值追求的评价 ,对相关法律规范的完善来合理予以解决。     

Evaluation of Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization as an Improved Method for Gunshot Residue Detection and its Application to Casework Samples

Visualization of nitrite residues is essential in gunshot distance determination. Current protocols for the detection of nitrites include, among other tests, the Modified Griess Test (MGT). This method is limited as nitrite residues are unstable in the environment and limited to partially burned gunpowder. Previous research demonstrated the ability of alkaline hydrolysis to convert nitrates to nitrites, allowing visualization of unburned gunpowder particles using the MGT. This is referred to as Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization (TNV). TNV techniques were modified and a study conducted to streamline the procedure outlined in the literature to maximize the efficacy of the TNV in casework, while reducing the required time from 1 h to 5 min, and enhancing effectiveness on blood‐soiled samples. The TNV method was found to provide significant improvement in the ability to detect significant nitrite residues, without sacrificing efficiency, that would allow for the determination of the muzzle‐to‐target distance.     

Mock terrorists decisions’ concerning use of the internet for target selection: a red-team approach

In this study we sought to identify which locations appear more, or less, attractive to a terrorist in planning an attack and to investigate what attributes of those locations influence preferences. A sample of undergraduate university students (N?=?147) were given the role of terrorists, and provided with five potential attack locations, including a pedestrian mall, a shopping center, a train station, a university and an airport. After using the Internet to learn about the target locations, participants placed the locations in rank-order from most to least preferred as targets and indicated why they had selected those targets. Results showed both a clear rank-order of target preferences: locations perceived as being more crowded were more preferred, while locations with a greater security presence were less preferred. Results also demonstrated a moderate positive correlation between the amount of online information viewed for a specific location and the preference for that location as a terrorist target, where participants who viewed more online content for a particular location were more likely to also prefer that location as a terrorist target. Findings from this study can potentially be used to reduce the likelihood of a terrorist attack occurring on specific locations, by altering the publicly available information on that location regarding the security and how crowded that location is.     

Interpersonal Violence Among College Students: Does Sexual Orientation Impact Risk of Victimization?

Researchers have shown that college students are at an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal violence (IV). One factor that appears to play a role in shaping their likelihood of IV is sexual orientation. However, little is known about this relationship and how IV risk varies across categories of sexual orientation. Utilizing a sample of approximately 43,000 college students from the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment II, this study examined the prevalence of IV across five categories of self-identified sexual orientation and examined whether sexual orientation was a predictor of IV. Results indicated that, on average, students who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning were significantly more likely to experience IV than their heterosexual counterparts. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.