欧盟公司税的协调与展望

欧洲统一大市场的确立赋予资本自由流动的充分空间,然而各成员国之间的税收竞争无疑会导致资本流入税负较轻的成员国,从而对欧盟整体的经济利益构成影响。鉴于此,欧盟自20世纪60年代以来就着手进行公司税的协调,然而40多年过去了,该领域的协调依然进展缓慢。针对欧盟公司税协调的进程,探究公司税协调的动因、历程、障碍,并对未来公司税协调进行展望。     

社会财富的"第三次分配"及其法律调整

以慈善捐赠事业为主要内容的"第三次分配"在促进我国财富分配的社会公平、增强社会凝聚力和构建和谐社会等方面发挥着十分重要的作用。所谓"第三次分配"是指个人或企业出于自愿,把可支配收入的一部分捐赠出去,建立社会救助、民间捐赠、慈善事业、志愿者行动等多种形式的制度和机制,以实现社会财富的重新配置。近年来,我国慈善事业虽然有了很大发展,但与国外慈善事业发达国家相比,差距仍然很大。"第三次分配"具有民间自发性,但这并不表明政府是无所作为的。政府的作用主要是通过立法加强"第三次分配"的引导,为其创造一个宽松的法制环境,这也是政府义不容辞的责任。而在加强"第三次分配"的法律引导方面,应当充分发挥包括民间法、民法、国家政策法在内的法律的协同调整作用。     

完善与发展税务代理业之我见

税务代理是税务机关与纳税人之间的桥梁和纽带，通过税务代理活动，不仅有利于纳税人正确履行纳税义务，而且对国家税收政策的顺利贯彻落实具有积极作用。但我国税务代理发展速度较缓馒，存在着许多亟待解决的问题，为使其健康发展．特提出推动税务代理发展的具体建议。     

论追缴税款、加收滞纳金之行政行为的法律救济途径——以一起税务行政纠纷案件为例

追缴税款、加收滞纳金的行政行为不属于行政处罚或纳税争议,而可以被认为是行政机关违法要求履行义务的行为。对该行政行为的救济程序应当是“可复议可诉讼”——“对复议不服再起诉”的一般救济程序。《行政诉讼法》司法解释第33条第二款应被认为授予了当事人选择性的诉讼权利。     

论我国节能减排税制的完善

伴随着经济持续快速增长，能源和环境问题日益突出。我国现行税制虽在一定程度上促进了节能减排，但其不足之处也制约了节能减排目标的实现。因此，只有进一步完善我国节能减排税收制度，立足不同产业的能源利用特征，合理制定促进节能减排的产业税收制度，以合理体现资源价格为目标，完善资源税制；以加大违法成本为出发点，适时开征环境税；以实现综合政策效果为目的，完善其他配套政策，才能促进节能减排工作的科学发展。     

个人所得税自行申报制度评析

本文结合个人所得税自行申报制度在我国的实践,对纳税申报过程中存在的问题进行了分析。针对纳税申报现状,提出了统一个人所得的财务制度、完善纳税申报表、健全纳税申报服务法律体系等推进纳税申报制度的措施。     

中国企业所得税法的改革趋向

中国企业所得税法的根本性改革是税法改革的重点。它直接关系到中央与地方,政府与企业,企业与企业之间权益的合理调整。构建公司所得税法是改革的目标。围绕这个目标,改革应通过合理配置税权增强中央的宏观调控权和地方对公共产品的供给能力,通过降低税率提高税收的效率,通过合理配置优惠政策,实现企业公平竞争和经济社会协调发展。同时,选择科学的税法理论、正确的税收政策与社会发展背景作为分析框架,是达到企业所得税法改革的目标的较好路径。     

论非法人组织的税法地位

非法人组织具有税法上的权利能力与行为能力,是重要的纳税主体。但是,非法人组织的法律地位特别是宪法地位与自然人和法人不同,税法可以灵活规定,赋予非法人组织一定的税法地位选择权。非法人组织可以选择成为管道,享受自然人的税法地位,也可以选择成为法人,缴纳法人税,还可以让法人在一定条件下选择成为非法人组织,享受自然人的税法待遇,从而为企业形态创新、激发经营活力创造应有的条件。     

“In the public interest”: The privacy implications of international business-to-business sharing of cyber-threat intelligence

This article reports on preliminary findings and recommendations of a cross-discipline project to accelerate international business-to-business automated sharing of cyber-threat intelligence, particularly IP addresses. The article outlines the project and its objectives and the importance of determining whether IP addresses can be lawfully shared as cyber threat intelligence.The goal of the project is to enhance cyber-threat intelligence sharing throughout the cyber ecosystem. The findings and recommendations from this project enable businesses to navigate the international legal environment and develop their policy and procedures to enable timely, effective and legal sharing of cyber-threat information. The project is the first of its kind in the world. It is unique in both focus and scope. Unlike the cyber-threat information sharing reviews and initiatives being developed at country and regional levels, the focus of this project and this article is on business-to-business sharing. The scope of this project in terms of the 34 jurisdictions reviewed as to their data protection requirements is more comprehensive than any similar study to date.This article focuses on the sharing of IP addresses as cyber threat intelligence in the context of the new European Union (EU) data protection initiatives agreed in December 2015 and formally adopted by the European Council and Parliament in April 2016. The new EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) applies to EU member countries, a major focus of the international cyber threat sharing project. The research also reveals that EU data protection requirements, particularly the currently applicable law of the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (1995 Directive) (the rules of which the GDPR will replace in practice in 2018), generally form the basis of current data protection requirements in countries outside Europe. It is expected that this influence will continue and that the GDPR will shape the development of data protection internationally.In this article, the authors examine whether static and dynamic IP addresses are “personal data” as defined in the GDPR and its predecessor the 1995 Directive that is currently the model for data protection in many jurisdictions outside Europe. The authors then consider whether sharing of that data by a business without the consent of the data subject, can be justified in the public interest so as to override individual rights under Articles 7 and 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which underpin EU data protection. The analysis shows that the sharing of cyber threat intelligence is in the public interest so as to override the rights of a data subject, as long as it is carried out in ways that are strictly necessary in order to achieve security objectives. The article concludes by summarizing the project findings to date, and how they inform international sharing of cyber-threat intelligence within the private sector.     

进一步改革税务行政审批制度,防范税务执法风险

行政审批是我国税务机关实施税收管理的主要方式之一,也是产生税务执法风险的源头之一。作为行政审批制度的重要组成部分,税务行政审批制度的改革一直是摆在各级税务机关面前的一项重大而紧迫的课题。本文对税务行政审批制度中存在的问题进行了分析,并对进一步改革税务行政审批制度,防范税务执法风险提出了相关建议。