Does taxation lose its role in contemporary democratisation? State revenue production revisited in the third wave of democratisation

Echoing the call for ‘no taxation without representation’, the development of modern taxation went hand-in-hand with Western democratisation. However, taxation appears to have lost its role in the third wave of democratisation. Unlike early democratisers, contemporary autocracies tend to introduce a ready-made modern taxation system before democratisation. With advice from international organisations, the value added tax (VAT), which mature democracies innovated, has been adopted for economic adjustment and development in globalised markets. Despite these divergences, it is argued in this article that a fundamental relationship between taxation and representation remains. Taxation inherently involves a social contract between revenue-seeking rulers and citizens, and thus involves their bargaining over representation. Therefore, the production of state revenue intervenes in contemporary democratisation as well. By factoring in the effect of the VAT in 143 developing countries between 1960 and 2007, an entropy-balancing analysis has confirmed its important role in contemporary democratisation. The taxation-democratisation linkage has travelled from early to contemporary democratisation.     

组织行为视角下互联网平台劳动关系从属性展开的新进路

劳动关系从属性源于现代化生产中个人对组织的依赖和屈从,组织通过经济体制、组织体系、心理契约等形成权力与权威,保障组织的存续和实现对劳动者的管理。从属性及其判断标准是组织权力与权威的"果",而非"因"。以平台用工为代表的新型灵活用工模式,有意识地针对传统从属性判断标准编织了一套包含隐蔽权力、转变权威、变更外部标志等新组织形态面纱,使得传统从属性判断标准日益难以做出判断。通过对网络平台用工组织权力和权威的分析,可以更好地理解新组织形态背后的从属性变化的路径。对平台用工从属性的理解,应当将本质论与组织变化相结合,合理扩大对从属性类型化的理解,采用积分累计式的检核体系实现组织与其用工的收因结果。     

新时代农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设的逻辑理路

乡风文明建设,不仅关乎农村社会稳定发展,还是新时代实施乡村振兴战略的精神保障。农村基层党组织是党在农村全部工作的基础,新时代农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设具有一以贯之的内在逻辑。在新时代的历史方位中,农村社会进入全面转型期,这不仅给农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设带来了诸多机遇,还使其面临农村集体经济式微、农村基层党组织公信力减弱、农村文化发展失魂、部分农民不良陋习与"等靠要"贫困心理滋生等现实挑战。有鉴于此,巩固、扩大乡风文明建设已有成果,需要农村基层党组织以发展壮大农村集体经济为主要抓手、以获取农民对农村基层党组织的信任为突破点、以传承发展农村优秀传统文化为核心、以移风易俗实践活动为主要治理手段、把消除贫困农民精神贫困作为重要内容,积极探索乡风文明建设的新路径。     

我国警察依法履职免责机制:价值、问题及建构

警察执法需要强制力方能实现,但公众及媒体对警察强制行为的过分解读和关注,法律和制度对警察权“控制有余而保障不足”的现实,使得民警在执法时顾虑重重、压力巨大,直接减损其执法效能和执法积极性。警察依法履职免责机制既能满足保障警察执法权益的需要,也能规范警察执法行为、增强社会管控能力,符合法治建设要求。通过完善相关立法、构建免责机制、设立维权机构和提高警察执法能力,构建具有可操作性的警察依法履职免责机制。     

党组织嵌入城市社区治理的逻辑框架构建——基于Cite space的文献计量分析

为了解城市社区治理研究的文献特征与发展趋势,借助可视化软件Cite SpaceⅤ,梳理2012年以来CNKI中社区治理研究文献,发现城市社区治理研究集中于东中部地区高校,研究视角呈现多元化和本土化特征,研究内容经历了从管理到治理的蜕变,社区党组织通过整合政府行政力量和社会自治力量在社区治理中发挥了重要作用。据此提出构建结构—过程视角下党组织嵌入城市社区治理的逻辑分析框架,旨在为新时代党组织嵌入城市社区治理研究提供新的思路。     

雅加达印度移民及其社会组织探析

印度人移民印尼有着悠久的历史,且呈现出民族、宗教、职业上的多样性,印尼的印度移民主要集中在雅加达地区。二战后至今,雅加达涌现出各种类型的印度人组织,这些组织对印度人的生存与发展产生不同的影响。     

A typology of board design for highly effective monitoring in intergovernmental organizations under the United Nations system

The United Nations (UN) system comprises several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that were established to contribute to the functioning of the overall transnational system of delivering global public goods. However, many IGOs under the UN system are criticized for their failure to accomplish their mandates. Research argues that IGO boards serve as a governance mechanism that should be designed in order to effectively perform the monitoring function to ensure fulfillment of IGO mandates. Thus, using an inductive fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, this study explores 13 IGO boards under the UN system to identify the board designs that are associated with highly effective monitoring. Our findings reveal a board design typology reflecting the interplay of the level of organizational complexity and the extent of the distribution problem in IGOs. This research contributes to our understanding of IGO governance by underscoring the relationship between board designs and highly effective monitoring to help researchers and practitioners improve IGO performance.     

宅基地使用权保障机制研究

文章从集体组织、家庭成员以及征地补偿三个方面对农村宅基地使用权的保障机制进行了论述,分析了现行保障机制存在的问题;指出通过赋予农村基层自治组织审查权、发挥村民的监督作用和加强责任追究等方式完善集体组织内的保障,通过明晰户的内涵和分户的条件完善家庭成员间的保障,通过认定公共利益、完善征收程序以及健全补偿制度来保障征收中的宅基地使用权人的权益。     

行政吸纳抑或资源俘获:智慧养老服务供给中政府与社会组织的互动关系研究--基于苏南Y街道智慧养老服务项目的案例分析

政府与社会组织的互动关系研究存在于多个领域。从政府与社会关系理论视角看,政府主导的公共服务供给客观上形成对社会组织的吸纳,但由于社会组织在补充人力、筹集资金、提供信息支持等方面占据优势,可能在一定程度上产生对政府部门的资源俘获。作为政府与社会组织关系的两个极端,行政吸纳和资源俘获在智慧养老服务供给过程中同时存在,而互动合作和协商共治是走出行政吸纳和资源俘获现状的必然路径。     

New Event Data in Conflict Research

This paper first presents an overview of data on 390 international crises, which incorporate 826 foreign policy crises, from the end of 1918 to the end of 1988.

A set of crisis profiles is then constructed for the two superpowers of the post‐World War II era, and for three regional systems, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The data on international crises are presented in terms of a common format for the regional profiles, with slight modifications for the superpowers, in order to facilitate comparisons: time and space; duration; onset; threat; behavior; severity of violence; US/USSR activity; global organization involvement; and outcome. Within these categories, distributions are noted for each of the polarity structures—multipolarity (1918–39), bipolarity (1945–62), and polycentrism (1963–1988). Thereafter, comparisons are made between US and USSR crises (after World War II), and among the three regional profiles.

The central thrust of the findings from these profiles is clear: they focus attention on the dual characteristics of twentieth century crises, their pervasiveness and diversity. These traits, in turn, make much more difficult the task of constructing a theory that provides a systematic explanation of interstate crisis from onset to termination. Complex reality imposes an intolerable burden on the search for necessary and sufficient conditions of crisis. In positive terms, it leads to a shift in focus, from ‘necessary and sufficient’ to the “most likely” conditions as the most credible path to theory.