Overcoming poverty and inequality: Rwanda's progress towards the MDGs

Despite the 1994 genocide there has been annual growth in Rwanda every year since 2000. Poverty has decreased; while the MDG target of 23.8% is unlikely to be met by 2015, the future looks hopeful. The goal of reducing hunger is measured by underweight children – already down to target – and extreme poverty – likely to hit the target. Key to success is reducing dependency on the land, but a majority of the population still depend on their farm or plot. However, hitting targets for reducing poverty is not the same thing as abolishing it, and achieving targets does not necessarily solve problems.     

Benefits and challenges of micro-enterprise participation: women's cottage industry in Kaimosi,Kenya

This article investigates the perspectives of Kenyan women in the Kaimosi cottage industry regarding the benefits and challenges of producing craft commodities for the global marketplace. Utilising qualitative methods, the research provides an understanding of issues the women faced in producing and marketing goods and offers insights for NGOs into some pitfalls for the sustainability of micro-enterprises. The women asserted that participation in the micro-enterprise had improved their family's economic well-being, helped finance their children's education, and improved their community status. This supports the literature that has found that women's involvement in micro-enterprises reduces poverty and improves well-being.     

Management not models: adaptability,responsiveness, and a few lessons from football

Despite a swathe of critiques of logframes and other blueprint approaches to development over the last 30 years, most aid infrastructure continues to concentrate on the design and subsequent implementation of closed models. This article does not propose an alternative to blueprints, but challenges the inflexibility of their implementation, which is inadequate given the complex nature of social change. It proposes a supplementary management and learning approach which enables implementers to be dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to problems and opportunities. Emphasising the role of donors, the paper presents a case study of one donor-led programme in Bangladesh doing just this.     

对加强个人所得税征管的思考

我国个人所得税经过十几年的实施,在征管方面取得了较大成效,但个人所得税作为国家调节个人收入分配的主要手段,还未充分发挥出其作用,在个人所得税制、计征方法、税率、征收方式、费用扣除标准等方面存在许多问题。应当从个人所得税税制、征管手段、加强协税护税、制定一系列激励措施回报纳税人等方面给予改进。     

国产设备投资抵免所得税的税收筹划

税收筹划在我国尚属新的概念。企业应该进行充分的税收筹划,以使其服务于财务管理的目标———企业价值最大化。近几年来,我国税法对企业进行国产设备投资给予一定的税收优惠,企业应充分利用这种优惠,进行科学的税收筹划,以达到最佳投资效益。     

农业财政终结下农村公共产品供给的困境与选择

本文就农业财政终结下农村公共产品供给困境问题进行了探讨,提出了厘清各级政府提供公共产品的责任、构建农村公共产品供给的多元化以及推进配套改革等相应措施。     

偷税罪犯罪构成浅析

偷税罪是我国税收犯罪中最常见的犯罪,此类犯罪严重破坏了我国经济的发展,为了预防和打击此类犯罪,我国刑法对偷税罪犯罪构成作出了明确的规定。在司法实践中要认真分析偷税罪的犯罪构成,把握偷税罪的主客观要件,并综合考虑案件的具体情况,对案件作出正确的认定和处理。     

运用税收杠杆发展中国资本市场之研讨

资本市场是金融市场的核心部分 ,中国现在很重视发展资本市场。文章论述了税收对资本市场发展的重要作用 ,介绍了国际上利用税收杠杆调控资本市场发展的情况 ,提出了中国应运用税收杠杆发展资本市场的建议 ,认为调低股票交易印花税税率 ,只对卖方单向征收 ,修改《个人所得税法》,改革调整并统一现行的企业 (公司 )所得税法 ,是运用税收杠杆发展中国资本市场的好途径     

中国金融税制的问题分析与立法完善

健全的金融税制是促进中国金融业稳健发展的重要条件。从中国金融税制的现状与现行金融税制存在的问题来看,在我国金融市场进一步开放和经济全球化的新形势下,应当将金融税制的构建放在更加突出的地位,按照税收法定原则的要求,进一步完善立法程序,努力建立公平、科学和健全的现代金融税制。     

公平的价值:政策工具的视角——以日本的所得税制为例

公平原则在税收政策制订与执行过程中具有很重要的工具性作用,日本的所得税制在采用公平原则方面很有参考价值。日本开征所得税为缓解政府的财政压力起到了重要作用,但其顺利实施却有赖于公平这一政策工具的推动。政府以公平作为征税理由之一,提高了政府征税的正当性,有效降低了征税阻力。