CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN EUROPEAN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS: WHY ARE FAMILY PRACTICES SO DIFFERENT FROM LEGAL THEORIES?

Debates about child custody following parental separation often have been framed in terms of a battle between the competing rights of different family members. In the United States, advocates of mothers’ rights square off against proponents of fathers’ rights, with each side claiming to truly represent children's rights. Of course, not all advocates lay claim to children's rights in contact and custody disputes merely as a tactical maneuver. Some experts believe that children are entitled to (and benefit from) their own, independent legal advocate in custody cases. In theory, at least, the position that children lay claim to a third set of independent rights is strongly held in Europe, more strongly than in many U.S. states, because of the adoption of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in Europe, but not in the United States. In this article, we examine children's rights in custody disputes from a European perspective, particularly children's legal right to contact with their parents, as well as the children's right to be heard in custody and contact disputes. We find that, despite differences in legal theory, tradition, and family demographics, European countries ultimately face a familiar reality: Custody and contact disputes are, in reality, more about renegotiating family relationships than they are a matter of a mother's, father's, or child's rights.     

尊重党员主体地位和保障党员民主权利的理论基础及时代价值

马克思主义经典作家阐述了尊重党员主体地位与保障党员民主权利的一系列原则问题，为确立党员主体地位和保障党员民主权利奠定了基础。同时，我们党提出“尊重党员主体地位，保障党员民主权利”的重要论断具有鲜明的时代内涵和丰富的时代价值。     

高校教师管理中心理契约的违背及防范策略

心理契约反映了组织与个体之间关于责任和承诺的一种期望，文章结合心理契约的特点和高校教师的特点，分析了心理契约违背的因素，提出了在文化、招聘、愿景、培训、激励等管理方面防范心理契约违背出现的措施。     

A problem with empirical studies of party policy shifts: Alternative measures of party shifts are uncorrelated

Many recent cross-national studies analyse the causes and electoral consequences of party policy shifts, using party position measures derived from election manifestos, expert surveys or voter surveys. However few studies validate their findings by analysing multiple measures of party policy shifts. In this article, data on European parties’ position shifts on both European integration and left-right ideology is analysed, showing that this is problematic because, while alternative measures of party policy positions correlate strongly in cross-sectional analyses, alternative measures of parties’ policy shifts are essentially uncorrelated in longitudinal analyses. Suggestions are offered on how to address this problem.     

Why is there no securitisation theory in the Korean nuclear crisis?

Despite the fact that the Korean nuclear crisis is one of the most protracted security issues in the world, the research analysing the crisis from the perspective of securitisation theory is curiously absent. This article attempts to pin down some distinguishing features of South Korea’s securitisation of the nuclear threat posed by North Korea, thereby investigating why one rarely sees the implications of securitisation theory in the way that the Copenhagen School theorists would suggest. Borrowing the key components of securitisation theory—existential threats, referent objects and extraordinary measures—this article suggests three elusive characteristics of the South Korean actors’ speech acts as sources highlighting the dilemma. To make the article’s arguments clearer, I hold Floyd’s classification of securitisation theory, which separated the securitisation process into two different stages: securitising move and security practice. While acknowledging the importance of the differences between illocution and perlocution in a securitisation process, this article takes this logic one step further by suggesting the limits of the perlocutionary effect in making the securitisation process complete.     

环境公益诉权及其程序保障——以检察机关提起环境公益诉讼为视角

实践表明,我国保护环境的传统模式即行政执法方式是失灵的。当前,探索司法介入环境保护的新模式是必要的,而环境司法的首要问题就是环境公益诉权的问题。根据我国实际情况,赋予检察机关环境公益诉权不仅是必要的,而且是可行的。同时,还要探索检察机关在提起环境公益诉讼过程中的诉讼地位、处分权的规制、证明责任的分配、诉讼时效等程序机制,以达到既保障且诉权、又加以合理规制的目的。     

民法诚信原则与劳动法适用之博弈论纲——以“奋斗者协议”和“自愿弃保”为例

"奋斗者协议"与"自愿弃保"案件背后隐含的法理可简概为民法诚信原则与劳动法适用问题。实践中的误读和误判、《民法典》缺失劳动权(益)之基本民事权利设置、共享经济下新型劳动用工和疫情与后疫情时代之多重叠加效应,导致了劳动法之"衰"与"殇"。民法诚信原则同样适用劳动法含社会保障法,所谓劳动法不能适用该原则或者民法思维模式都是不严谨之"伪"命题。劳动法适用诚信原则应当考量其特殊性,惩戒权适用时,应当遵循比例原则和有利原则,并不得涉及劳动者非职业行为即私人行为和排除社会保障权。任何排除或剥夺劳动者社会保障权的约定或规章都是无效的。后劳动合同义务适用诚信原则不能"选择性""遗漏"抗辩权,如果当事人依法行使抗辩权,则不能裁定其违反了诚信原则,否则就是"伪"民法思维模式。实习关系属于特殊的劳动关系,在实习法律规范严重缺失下,用具有弥补法律不足之价值与功能的诚信原则治理"虚假实习"完全必要而且可行。     

违约金调减的证明责任问题

在对《民法典》第585条第2款后段的解读中,应将"违约金过分高于损失"理解为违约金调减请求的权利成立要件,将法官自由裁量权的行使理解为权利成立的法律后果。这一区分对应了违约金的双重功能,可为违约金调减请求提供更清晰的审理思路。成立要件的审理对应违约金的补偿性功能,适用诉讼法理;调减衡量因素的审理对应违约金的履约压力功能,部分适用非讼法理。根据现行法,"违约金过分高于损失"的证明责任应由违约方承担,且不能转移。违约方的证明困难属于法官自由心证的范畴,在具体诉讼中可以通过事案解明义务缓解,但不改变证明责任、证明标准以及由此决定的本证与反证的区分。违约金调减衡量因素的调查不存在证明责任问题,应围绕法官自由裁量权的行使,在诉讼法理与非讼法理的交错适用中展开。     

Testing the antecedents to e-democracy towards citizens’ happiness: a structural equation modelling approach to ‘MyGov’ initiative,India

ABSTRACT

“MyGov” is an ambitious ICT-based platform of the government of India, where citizens contribute to policy making by engaged in various ways. As the initiative is about to complete 5 years, the research is focused on to test the antecedents to e-democracy and citizens’ happiness by a structural equation modeling on responses from 413 users of “MyGov” platform. The empirical outcomes established the predictive role of transparency and value expectancy on e-democracy in addition to the impact of trust and e-democracy on citizens’ happiness. The study also supported the positive association between transparency and trust.     

浅议股东代表诉讼中原被告的和解

股东代表诉讼应当允许原被告和解,但也要受到一定的限制。法院在诉讼和解中承担着监督与审查的义务。诉讼中原被告和解应当向法院提出书面申请,并说明和解的可能性。法院审查确认时,应以适当的方式通知公司及其他股东,告知其和解协议的内容以及提出异议的权利。