Violence and Statebuilding in a Borders Conflict Context: A Study of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict

Violence, while conceived of and defined as objective, is in reality a subjective phenomenon that takes on myriad forms (political, physical, and psychological). From a constructivist perspective, the identification of violence is contingent on conflicts to signify actions as legitimate; in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the experience of different forms of violence has meant that violence has come to acquire multiple meanings. This violence is legitimate from both Israeli and Palestinian points of view, and it creates and fulfils a cycle that perpetuates intractable conflict. This article aims to demonstrate how strongly this culture of violence has affected the state-formation process in this area, and it calls attention particularly to ongoing statebuilding processes in Palestine. The paper will also explore the intricacies related to violence and border definition in terms of ‘mapping practices’ and territoriality, and examine how, in the wake of the Oslo agreement, the Palestinian statebuilding process is created under the ruling power of the Israeli military force, restraining Palestinian capacity to create state bodies capable of establishing and retaining the monopoly of violence.     

Oil,Natural Gas,and Intrastate Conflict: Does Ownership Matter?

The impact of natural resources on intrastate violence has been increasingly analyzed in the peace and conflict literature. Surprisingly, little quantitative evidence has been gathered on the effects of the resource-ownership structure on internal violence. This article uses a novel data set on oil and natural gas property rights, covering 40 countries during the period 1989–2010. The results of regression analyses employing logit models reveal that the curvilinear effect between hydrocarbon production and civil conflict onset—often found in previous studies—only applies to countries in which oil and gas is extracted by state-owned companies. The findings suggest that only state-controlled hydrocarbon production might entail peace-buying mechanisms such as specific clientelistic practices, patronage networks, welfare policies, and/or coercion. At the same time, it seems that greed and grievance are more pronounced whenever resources lie in the hands of the state. Exploring the within-country variation, further analyses reveal that divergent welfare spending patterns are likely to be one causal channel driving the relationship between resource ownership and internal violence.     

关于秘密侦查性质的几点思考

当前,有越来越多的学者关注秘密侦查活动,然而在对秘密侦查性质的理解方面,却存在许多不明确之处.在对秘密侦查进行探讨时,必须首先确定它的性质,这是进行深入研究的基础.秘密侦查的秘密性是主客观的相统一;通过对秘密侦查与技术侦查的比较,可以看出,技术侦查是秘密侦查的一部分,但不是其全部含义.     

New shop owners in old buildings: spatial politics of the apparel industry in Kyrgyzstan

This article adopts a political economy approach with insights from the political geography literature to illuminate how the apparel manufacturing sector in Kyrgyzstan has thrived in a region known for significant challenges in electricity access and availability. In contrast to studies that have analyzed the role of state policies and informal relations in promoting industrialization, we focus on how myriad shop owners gain access to elite-controlled, privatized urban infrastructure through owner–tenant relations in a new market economy. Drawing upon original interviews with Bishkek-based shop owners, we find that despite the challenges associated working in these spaces, including poor infrastructure and exploitative relationships with owners, they remain due to the constant provision of electricity and convenient location. We contribute to understanding how everyday shop owners make sense of and grapple with production challenges in a new market context, against the backdrop of Soviet infrastructural legacies and post-Soviet privatization processes.     

以科技创新引领辽宁沿海经济带产业结构优化升级的若干思考及建议

2009年8月国务院对《辽宁沿海经济带发展规划》的批复,标志着辽宁沿海经济带的发展已上升为国家战略。辽宁沿海经济带发展也迎来了经济结构调整、产业结构优化升级的重大机遇和挑战。该文分析了辽宁沿海经济带发展现状,并从培育战略性新兴产业、加强产业核心关键技术攻关、加快科技成果转化等方面分析了科技创新对辽宁沿海经济带产业结构优化升级的作用。     

科技成果转化和技术转移的比较及其政策含义

科技成果转化和技术转移是两个互相渗透互相包容的概念,该文通过对这两个概念内涵的比较,揭示了中国和西方相关科技法律和政策的差异,指出了中国在市场经济条件下坚持科技成果转化工作的必要性及努力方向。     

体制创新是科技创新的重要保障--也谈"汤浅现象"与"李约瑟难题"

根据“汤浅现象,”中国在15世纪前曾是世界科技中心,而“李约瑟难题“则告诉我们,中国尔后在很长时期却没有保持住科技的优势并发育出近代科学。究其原因,体制的制约是关键。改革开放以来,随着对科学技术是第一生产力的倡导,随着科教兴国战略的实施,中国的科技发展势头迅猛,但各种体制问题仍然是影响科技创新能力提高的瓶颈。可以说,创新推动科研发展的经济体制,创新科技行政管理体制,创新教育体制,建立现代科研制度,是目前我国科技发展的当务之急。     

法律职业主义

律师制度起源于西方,法律职业主义是其主流指导理念。法律职业主义由三大基石构成。随着现代批判性思潮对其批判的展开,有必要重新审视国家主义、商业主义以及技术性职业主义和公共性职业主义的利弊。我国学术界和律师界所持的多是技术性职业主义的观点,政府的管制理念存在一定的模糊与混乱。以容纳多种伦理观为己任的“市民公共领域”理论,可能是建构我国律师职业定位新模式的可行路径。     

论技术规则对行政法规范的渗入

技术规则在行政法规范中占有的比重越来越大,如何处理行政法规范与现代技术规范的关系成为行政立法中必须高度关注的问题。基于此考虑,从技术规则的概念界定、技术规则渗入到行政法规范的必要性、技术规则与行政法规范的立法技术等方面作了探讨。认为技术规则的统计、技术规则的渗入方式、技术规则渗入后行政法关系的性状、技术规则渗入后的法律效力问题是立法时必须把握的。     

企业技术创新与实施知识产权战略的法律运行机制研究（上）

国家知识产权战略是我国近几年来提出和推动的国家战略实施形式,而技术创新战略要求确立企业为技术创新主体的战略思想。加强企业技术创新能力建设是一个综合性的系统工程,涉及企业外部创新环境、支持条件和内部创新资源和能力的整合,而知识产权战略实施是企业实现技术创新的重要保障。技术创新与实施知识产权战略具有密切的互动关系,技术创新成为知识产权战略的重要目标,而知识产权战略对企业培育自主创新能力具有重要的推进作用。总体上,需要建立企业技术创新与知识产权战略融合的法律运行机制。