Lifestyle and Routine Activity Theories Revisited: The Importance of “Risk” to the Study of Victimization

Lifestyle and routine activity theories both view victimization through the lens of the convergence of a motivated offender, an attractive target/victim, and the absence of capable guardianship. These theories differ, however, in how they view the behaviors that put people at “risk” for victimization. Where lifestyle theory conceives of risk in probabilistic terms (e.g., certain behaviors elevate one’s odds of being victimized), routine activity theory simply describes the victimization event itself (e.g., if the three key elements converge, victimization happens, yet if one of the elements is missing, victimization is avoided). We argue that this difference is meaningful and that its disappearance over time has been consequential to the study of victimization. Our purpose here is to outline the implications of this difference in the conception of risk for victimization theory, research, and policy. Our broader goal is to reignite a theoretical debate that we feel is long overdue.     

职务犯罪初探

职务犯罪是指国家公务人员利用职务便利为谋取不法利益所进行的各种犯罪活动。预防职务犯罪,从根本上说,就是要防止权力被滥用和私用。有关部门要统一思想,大胆实践,逐步形成立体的预防机制,同时,要建立健全机构,落实制度,构建网络,充实预防力量。     

论侦查学的研究对象

确定侦查学的研究对象有两个标准：一是特殊性标准,即侦查学的研究对象需具有区别于其它学科研究对象的特殊矛盾性;二是全面概括性标准,即侦查学的研究对象需能对侦查学的所有研究内容进行全面、抽象的概括。把侦查活动及其规律作为侦查学的研究对象符合该标准。     

论司法程序性裁判

司法过程是形成案件事实、发现并适用法律、处理各种程序性问题的过程,司法裁判相应地包括实体性裁判和程序性裁判,后者具有相对独立性.司法程序性裁判机制的缺失是当前程序性违法现象泛滥的重要原因,也是我国司法改革徘徊不前的重要原因.中国司法改革推进路径在于通过规范司法程序性裁判消除司法程序性违法现象,重塑司法形象.为此,必须重新审视司法改革的价值取向,调整司法程序性裁判的价值定位;必须重新把握公开审判原则,增加司法程序性裁判的透明度;必须根据程序主体性原则,保障当事人的程序参与权;必须重新梳理司法程序性裁判的对象,建立有效的程序权利救济机制.     

略论瞿秋白的新闻传播思想

瞿秋白是中国共产党早期的主要领导人之一,同时也是一位卓越的新闻工作者.自1919年至1934年,先后创办、主编、编辑过一系列进步的党的报刊.,为党的新闻事业做出了巨大的贡献.本文试图对瞿秋白的新闻活动进行梳理,并从中总结出他的部分传播思想.     

Juvenile Crime Trends in Post-War Europe

In the literature, two models - routine activity and social control - are most often used in attempts to account for a continuous upward trend in the number of juvenile offenders during the post-war period. In Sweden, contrary to what we might expect given these models, the number of juvenile offenders has been stable, and may even have decreased, over the last 25 years. This article will present an analysis of juvenile crime trends in West European countries during the post-war period (1950-1995). A sensible way to begin a comparative study is to take advantage of the analyses already carried out by researchers in the relevant countries. Besides the official crime statistics this study also uses alternative statistics, that is, self-report studies and victim surveys. An obvious advantage with these surveys is that they are independent of the relevant country's judicial system and official statistics. The availability of data played an important part in the choice of countries to be included. In addition, contacts were established with researchers and research centres in most countries covered by the study.     

建国以来抗战胜利纪念活动的历史考察

在抗战胜利纪念日前后举行各种形式纪念活动,是建国以来全国乃至各地的传统,有着独特的价值。建国以来抗战胜利纪念日经历了从"八一五"到"九三",从行政法规到国家立法的双重变化。抗战胜利纪念活动,包括全国性和地方性活动,经历了从新中国成立初期的高潮到20世纪50年代中后期开始的回落,再到改革开放后多样化、常态化、规范化的过程。抗战胜利纪念活动以对抗战精神的弘扬,发挥着强化历史教育、彰显国家意志、服务外交战略的功能。     

叶圣陶审美视野的拓展

西方文学的东渐，拓宽了东方民族的审美视野。西方近现代文学高扬人文精神，淡化情节、渲染情绪和富于诗趣的描写，“促醒”了青年叶圣陶“对于文学的觉悟”。这种“真气扑鼻”的写当下感觉和情绪体验的文学作品，使读者如历其境、如闻其声，如见其人。它们“唤起”并不断地增强了青年叶圣陶的审美“感受”能力和审美的“创作”能力，那高扬的人文精神更启迪了青年叶圣陶沿着“为人生”的创作大道稳步前进     

为职工文化建设搭构共同施力的平台

工会组织承载着向职工群众传播先进文化、提高其精神文化生活质量的职能。只有鼓足搞好职工文化建设信心,准确定位职工文化建设方向,着力打造文化建设长效机制,实现社会各方力量有效联动,才能使职工文化建设产生良性循环,从而满足职工群众日益增长的精神文化需求。     

当前我国网络政治活动的问题及对策

在网络政治日益勃兴的时代,为建立一个健康的网络政治空间,应当对我国网络政治活动进行规范。当前我国网络政治活动存在着法制不健全、非理性化、政府主体没有体现应有的引导作用等问题,应从建立双向合作机制、自我约束机制和沟通信任机制等方面规范我国的网络政治活动。