人格与财产二元权利体系面临的困境与突破--以"人格商品化"为视角展开

人格商品化现象对人格与财产的二元权利体系造成了强烈冲击,由此也引发了诸多理论争议。当下,人格权观点与财产权(二元权利)观点、知识产权观点,分别代表了在人格权制度内部和外部解决人格商品化问题的不同思路。在这三种观点中,人格权与知识产权观点各有自身的不足或缺陷,只有财产权(二元权利)观点才是我国目前解决人格商品化问题的最优选择。     

Rural land ownership reform in China’s property law

With regard to rural land ownership, there exist many problems, such as absence of the subject of right, ambiguity of the definition of right quality, and imperfection of the taking system. To perfect the rural land ownership system in China, we should continuously take villagers’ groups and villages as the subject of collective ownership and affirm the right of the members of collective organizations. In order to promote the development of the rural economy and realize the value of land, the contractual management right should be deemed as a property right and allowed to be transferred. The transferability of collective land ownership should be gradually established and the process of taking should be further normalized. Meanwhile, the farmers must receive sufficient compensation. The house site usage right is a special form of right of usufruct. To follow the principle that property should be made best use of, the house site usage right should also be transferable.     

法制统一维护制度之检视与完善

法制统一的维护不力需要进行制度上的反思。法制统一制度在主体配置、权限分工以及维护机制等方面均存在诸多问题和缺陷,因此需要优化配置法制统一的维护主体,合理分工维护权限,健全完善维护机制,从而完善法制统一维护制度。     

合同相对性原则突破的原因及价值分析

合同相对性原则曾一度被认为是合同制度和规则的奠基石,在合同法中具有十分重要的地位。但自20世纪以来,随着社会经济的发展和交易的日益频繁,各国立法及司法实践基于现实的考虑,在承认相对性原则的前提下,对该原则进行了适当地突破。但突破的原因何在?有何意义?本文作者正是从这些方面对此问题进行了深入分析。     

Influence of electricity on post-mortal body temperature

In a case of suicidal application of electricity differences between the rectal temperature of the body and the suspected time of death were observed.In order to answer the question whether an electric current from hand to hand over >30 min led to a rise in body temperature FEM-based computer simulations and animal experiments were carried out. Both resulted in a warming of the soft parts in the arm without warming the body core. Thus a temperature-based estimation of the time since death can also be used in cases with electricity as the cause of death. Besides, in the animal experiment we found a spontaneous rise in the body core temperature even without application of electricity which may be a reason for the typical temperature plateau after death.     

试论现代政府管制能力--概念缘起、内涵与中国的对策

提升现代政府管制能力是现代政府的永恒主题.近年来,政府管制能力问题业已成为重要的话题.从公共行政学的角度来看,现代政府管制能力与政府管制职能、政府管制权力、政府管制制度相关,是一种特殊的政府能力.这一判断构成提升中国政府管制能力对策的理论基础.     

再谈中国古代文论与西方诗学的不可通约性

只有当我们“在概念(所指)还原的层面上”清除“语词翻译表面(能指)的相似性混乱”,将中国文论还原为中国文论,将西方诗学还原为西方诗学,两者之间的比较研究才有一个“事实性的前提”,这个前提就是两者在“概念上”的差异和不可通约性。“概念上的”差异和不可通约性是全球化时代形形色色文化殖民要消灭的东西,不过,它正是后现代精神要维护的东西。     

再论竹简秦汉律中的“三环”——简牍中所反映的秦汉司法程序研究之一

出土秦汉简牍律令中对于老年人告状,法庭采取“三环”的措施,意思是连续三次劝其返还,如果原告人坚持诉讼,法官才予以受理。这种做法是为了防止原告由于年老而误告,或凭借优待老年人的政策而滥告。唐宋明清诸律继承了秦汉律“三环”的指导思想,同样限制老年人的一般性诉讼,而对于包括“不孝”罪及“谋反、逆、叛”等罪,则规定“老、幼、笃疾”者可以诉讼,司法机关必须受理。     

行政许可设定中的利害关系人权益保护

许可的设定是行政许可制度的源头和基础。它以立法的形式宣告了国家对公民权利领域尤其是许可利害关系人的权利的合理侵入,因而设定行政许可应至为慎重,在许可的设定中应保护许可利害关系人的合法权益。     

我国给付不能制度体系之考察

我国给付障碍统一构成要件规则来自于德国"不履行"理论,但合同法并未统一法律效果,也未根据法律效果结构请求权基础,履行不能的制度功能并未因为统一构成要件而消失.在履行不能制度功能上,由于免责事由规定过窄,出现了债权人与债务人利益失衡的情形,而且没有规定对待给付当然消灭规则.在履行不能类型上,没有规定自始不能、部分不能、暂时不能、人身不能等规则,对此需要通过理论继受加以补充,在法律上还要明确经济上不能与情势变更之间的关系.在履行不能与瑕疵担保规则、风险负担规则竞合的情况下,应优先适用瑕疵担保规则、风险负担规则.