盗窃虚拟财产研究——研究缘起、理论和现实意义及新路径

网络游戏产业已经成为互联网络经济中的一个重要组成部分,虚拟财产交易规模巨大,虚拟财产交易也被我国纳入税收征收对象范畴。盗窃网络游戏用户的虚拟财产案件频频发生,其社会危害性已达到甚至超出传统型盗窃犯罪之社会危害性,尽管我国法学理论界和实务界对于盗窃虚拟财产犯罪行为适用法律存在很多争论,但是笔者认为完全可以直接适用我国《刑法》盗窃罪予以规制。     

略论大学生盗窃犯罪

昔日被视为“天之骄子”的大学生 ,有的却成了今天的盗窃犯罪嫌疑人 ,这是一件令全社会感到惋惜的事情。我们作为大学生中的一员 ,对与大学生盗窃犯罪的有关问题作一探讨。     

Toilets and resistance in Italian factories in the 1950s

ABSTRACT

In the literature on industrial conflict, the Italy of the 1950s is often described as marked by worker acquiescence and an absence of conflict, ensured by high unemployment and the severe repression of union activism. My research challenges this. While formal, organized collective action subsided, workers continued to show their defiance and opposition to factory authorities by means of diverse acts of individual resistance that have escaped scholarly study. Drawing on anthropological theory, particularly Scott’s notion of ‘weapons of the weak’ – the strategies used by subordinate classes when facing heavy repression or lack of resources – this article undertakes an innovative analysis of the use of insults, irreverent behaviour, rumours and mockery of foremen and bosses to undermine the authority and legitimacy of factory hierarchies. It casts new light on the protest cultures and practices of Italian workers in the 1950s and improves our understanding of post-1945 industrial conflict.     

“计赃论罪”的历史考察与现实变革

我国古代关于盗窃罪的立法有着"计赃论罪"的传统,而这一立法传统在近代经过短暂的断裂后,又在新中国的刑事立法中得以体现。新中国刑法中的"计赃论罪"在内涵上与古代刑法中的"计赃论罪"并不完全相同,主要表现在从定性分析模式到定性+定量分析模式的演变。这种演变,与盗窃行为社会危害性程度的变化、我国传统文化心理以及现实刑事政策密不可分。无论在理论上还是在实践中,纯粹的"计赃论罪"立法模式都已丧失了生存的空间,我国盗窃罪应当确立"双轨制"的立法模式。     

员工秘密取回老板拖欠工资行为之定性研究

电影《三枪拍案惊奇》中赵六陈七秘密取回老板拖欠工资的行为实乃当下社会现实问题的反映。在我国当前刑法语境下,此类员工秘密取回老板拖欠工资的行为不同于窃取本人财物的行为,形式上构成盗窃罪。因为欠缺情况紧迫这一时机条件,该行为不属于自救行为,因而无法得到正当化。在目前公力救济无法切实保障被欠薪劳动者的合法权益,而劳动者无奈采取的私力救济又涉及刑事不法的困境下,刑法第13条但书规定或可为其提供一条出路。     

亲属相盗案件量刑不均问题研究--以1998年司法解释为视角

亲属相盗相关规范主要存在三个问题：第一,亲属相盗的相关概念界定不明；第二,1998年司法解释对有关亲属相盗问题的规定模糊；第三,对此类案件的量刑情节———亲属规定不完善。这些问题最终会导致亲属相盗案件量刑不均。为避免此结果,可采取以下措施：第一,重新界定亲属相盗案件的相关概念；第二,明确1998年《解释》的相关规定；第三,规范此类案件的量刑情节———亲属。     

Mistaken identity,identity theft and problems of remote authentication in e-commerce

The problem of mistaken identity in e-commerce transactions brings together seemingly unrelated issues: privacy, network security, digital signatures – and classic contract law. Combining an academic exercise with the practical implications of the insecurity of the Internet, this paper draws some unexpected conclusions regarding cases of mistaken identity and exposes flaws in popular legal arguments on the subject. Problems of mistaken identity must be analysed afresh with a number of factors in mind: the more widespread use of fictitious identities in on-line transactions, the higher incidence of identity theft and the greater difficulty of authenticating the other transacting party. The trend to preserve the privacy of Internet users indirectly clashes with efforts to ensure transactional security in e-commerce. An indispensable prerequisite of the latter is the ability to identify the other party to the contract. The problem of mistaken identity is not new – but it assumes a different scale in e-commerce transactions.     

信息化背景下流窜盗窃案件的侦查困境及对策

随着经济的高速发展,信息化和交通业蓬勃发展,其在给人们生活带来方便的同时,也给犯罪分子利用交通工具远距离流窜作案提供了新途径。而此类案件中,以远距离流窜盗窃较为普遍。因此,从信息化背景下流窜盗窃案件频发的原因剖析出发,结合案件的特点深入分析案件的侦查困境,寻求此类案件的侦查对策,对当前侦查实务工作有所裨益。     

盗窃罪中的被害人同意

盗窃罪的客观构成要件是违反占有人意愿而转移财物的占有;相反,得到占有人同意而取走财物,就可以排除盗窃罪的客观构成要件。将被害人同意的一般原理与盗窃罪构成要件的具体特征相结合,能够强化刑法总论与各论之间的整合与协调,促进刑法教义学的纵深发展。运用"预设的同意"理论,可以有效回应ATM机等自助型机器类案件中的疑难问题:使用"伪币"从机器处取得财物的,构成盗窃罪;使用真币从机器处取得财物后又抽出真币的,构成针对真币的盗窃罪;非法使用他人的信用卡在ATM机上取款的,不构成盗窃罪;使用信用卡利用ATM机故障恶意取款的,构成盗窃罪。在盗窃陷阱的场合,应根据是否存在同意而区分既遂和未遂。按照"客观权限+审核义务"的标准来区分盗窃罪间接正犯与三角诈骗,体现了对被害人意愿的尊重。     

EDITORS LETTER

Identity theft has become one of the most ubiquitous crimes in the USA with estimates of the number of households being victimized annually ranging between 5% and 25%, resulting in direct losses totaling hundreds of billions of dollars over the past few years. Government efforts to combat identity theft have included legislation criminalizing and increasing penalties as well as regulatory efforts designed to protect individual identifying information held by financial and other business organizations. At the same time, individuals are taking their own preventive actions and purchasing private protection such as credit monitoring and identity theft insurance services. We use data from a large sample of residents from four states (Illinois, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Washington) in order to assess the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for a government program designed to reduce identify theft under two separate conditions, one promising a 25% reduction in identity theft and the other promising a 75% reduction in identity theft. Results indicate that: (1) between 40% and 66% of the public is willing to pay an additional tax for identity theft prevention, more so when the promise of a reduction is highest (75% compared to 25%) with an average WTP of $87, and (2) WTP is highest among individuals who carry many credit cards, who subscribe to an identity theft protection service, and who take active steps in preventing fraud by shredding bills and paying with cash, but is lowest among individuals who believe that taxes are too high. Converted into a “per crime” cost and combined with the portion of identity theft costs that are borne directly by business, we estimate the average cost per identity theft to range from approximately $2,800 to $5,100.