Perceived Sanction Threats and Projective Risk Sensitivity: Auto Theft,Carjacking, and the Channeling Effect

Although sanction threats promote fear, among committed offenders, that fear can become a resource with which to sculpt emerging crime preferences. In such cases, criminality is not deterred but channeled. We explore the channeling process here as it relates to auto theft and carjacking. Our qualitative findings reveal that auto thieves are reluctant to embrace the violence of carjacking due to concerns over sanction threat severity they attributed to carjacking—both formal (higher sentences) and informal (victim resistance and retaliation). Meanwhile, the carjackers are reticent to enact auto theft because of the more uncertain and putatively greater risk of being surprised by victims, a fear that appears to overcome the enhanced long-term formal penalty of taking a vehicle by force. We examine the implications of offenders’ decision-making for the analytic intersection of rational choice and deterrence, offering the notion of projective risk sensitivity to encapsulate the process.     

Credit card fraud under Chinese criminal law

Credit card fraud is a new type of fraud amended into the Criminal Law of China in 1997. The “credit card” under credit card fraud is interpreted as a very board concept, which includes debit card and virtually all electronic payment cards used in ordinary payment, credit loan, transfer and settlement of account, cash deposit and withdrawal. Therefore, it is necessary for the legislature to revise “credit card” under this special fraud into “electronic payment card,” and “credit card fraud” into “electronic payment card fraud,” which will be understood easily and precisely. “Use” and “fraudulent use” of credit card under this fraud is defined as ordinary use of credit card, including withdrawal cash with authentic or forged credit card from ATMs. It is unreasonable to define “malicious overdraft” as a form of credit card fraud under the Chinese Criminal Law. In the future amendment, this kind of criminal conduct shall be separated as independent named as “malicious overdraft” or “abuse of credit card” under the Criminal Law with less stiff statutory punishment than that of credit card fraud. Besides, under the Chinese Criminal Law, stealing credit card and using it is held as “theft,” which is neither reasonable nor logical. Therefore, it should be revised in the future criminal law.     

Identification of Tool Marks of a Sickle on a Telephone Cable

Linkage of a cutting tool (a sickle) with a telephone cable of 100 pairs of copper wires is reported in a case of theft of a telephone cable. Telephone cables contain numerous insulated copper wires of small diameter inside an outer covering and are stolen for the relatively precious copper. The cutting pattern of the cable can only point to the type of the tool but because of the large number of copper wires, it is practically difficult to make a definite linkage with the tool used to cut the cable by comparing the tool marks. The present work reports the successful attempt of the authors in establishing a definite linkage of a stolen telephone cable with a sickle recovered from the suspects. Spot microchemical test was performed for detection of copper on the blade of the sickle, and then tool mark comparison was performed to link the tool marks on the metal strip inside the outer covering of the cable to the blade of the sickle.     

盗窃虚拟财产研究——研究缘起、理论和现实意义及新路径

网络游戏产业已经成为互联网络经济中的一个重要组成部分,虚拟财产交易规模巨大,虚拟财产交易也被我国纳入税收征收对象范畴。盗窃网络游戏用户的虚拟财产案件频频发生,其社会危害性已达到甚至超出传统型盗窃犯罪之社会危害性,尽管我国法学理论界和实务界对于盗窃虚拟财产犯罪行为适用法律存在很多争论,但是笔者认为完全可以直接适用我国《刑法》盗窃罪予以规制。     

略论大学生盗窃犯罪

昔日被视为“天之骄子”的大学生 ,有的却成了今天的盗窃犯罪嫌疑人 ,这是一件令全社会感到惋惜的事情。我们作为大学生中的一员 ,对与大学生盗窃犯罪的有关问题作一探讨。     

感染"白点病"番鸭抗氧化功能的变化

用“白点病”病毒人工感染雏番鸭 ,于感染后第 1、3、5、7、10和 14d测定了雏番鸭血浆中丙二醛 (MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)的活性。结果 ,雏番鸭感染“白点病”病毒后血浆中MDA的含量、SOD和GSH Px活性发生明显变化 ,其中攻毒组雏番鸭在攻毒后第 3dMDA含量开始升高 ,第 5和第 10d显著高于对照组 ;攻毒组雏番鸭SOD活性在攻毒后第 3d开始显著低于对照组 ,随后在低于或显著低于对照组的范围内波动 ;GSH Px的活性在攻毒后第 7d开始下降 ,攻毒后第 10d攻毒组显著低于对照组。提示 ,自由基可能在雏番鸭“白点病”的发病过程中起关键作用。     

论现场环境对警察执法战斗力的影响

现场环境是警察进行执法战斗的依托和舞台,也是战术运用的客观依据,是影响警察执法战斗活动的重要因素。在警察执法战斗中,现场环境对警察战斗力有着重要的影响,一是对警察战斗力构成的影响:即对参战人员的影响、对武器装备的影响、对人与武器结合的影响;二是对警察战斗力使用的影响:即对战法选择的影响、对战场情报信息的影响。     

犯罪现场心理痕迹分析的途径

面对日益复杂化、暴力化、智能化的犯罪案件 ,办案人员在寻找犯罪嫌疑人时开辟了多种信息渠道 ,其中之一就是用心理分析的方法 ,从犯罪行为人在犯罪现场遗留的痕迹中寻找犯罪人作案时的心理痕迹 ,为进一步确定侦查范围和方向提供帮助。     

“计赃论罪”的历史考察与现实变革

我国古代关于盗窃罪的立法有着"计赃论罪"的传统,而这一立法传统在近代经过短暂的断裂后,又在新中国的刑事立法中得以体现。新中国刑法中的"计赃论罪"在内涵上与古代刑法中的"计赃论罪"并不完全相同,主要表现在从定性分析模式到定性+定量分析模式的演变。这种演变,与盗窃行为社会危害性程度的变化、我国传统文化心理以及现实刑事政策密不可分。无论在理论上还是在实践中,纯粹的"计赃论罪"立法模式都已丧失了生存的空间,我国盗窃罪应当确立"双轨制"的立法模式。     

注意制度反腐中的一些倾向性问题

制度建设是反腐败的最根本途径,已经成为党内外的普遍共识。现实的悖论却是,在反腐倡廉制度建设领域不断拓宽、成效不断显现的情况下,腐败问题依然十分严重,有些领域反而还出现了加重和蔓延的迹象。＂制度反腐＂进程中的一些倾向性问题是解释这一悖论的关键。制度反腐中的一些倾向性问题既源于一些价值、理念的偏差,又与反腐败制度体系本身的设计及其执行和运作有关。这些所谓倾向性问题主要表现为＂制度虚置＂、＂制度短板＂、＂制度离散＂、＂制度冲突＂、＂制度盲区＂等五个方面。