员工秘密取回老板拖欠工资行为之定性研究

电影《三枪拍案惊奇》中赵六陈七秘密取回老板拖欠工资的行为实乃当下社会现实问题的反映。在我国当前刑法语境下,此类员工秘密取回老板拖欠工资的行为不同于窃取本人财物的行为,形式上构成盗窃罪。因为欠缺情况紧迫这一时机条件,该行为不属于自救行为,因而无法得到正当化。在目前公力救济无法切实保障被欠薪劳动者的合法权益,而劳动者无奈采取的私力救济又涉及刑事不法的困境下,刑法第13条但书规定或可为其提供一条出路。     

浅析犯罪心理痕迹在侦查破案中的作用

在侦查破案中,面对各类案件智能化水平升级和越来越少的现场痕迹物证,传统的侦查模式面临着巨大的挑战,犯罪心理痕迹的研究利用更显得尤为重要。全面收集、有效捕捉犯罪心理痕迹才能更多地掌握和利用犯罪信息,从而为判断案件性质、确定侦查范围和方向、准确刻画犯罪嫌疑人以及证实犯罪、深挖余罪提供更多的情报信息,从而大大提高侦查破案水平。     

亲属相盗案件量刑不均问题研究--以1998年司法解释为视角

亲属相盗相关规范主要存在三个问题：第一,亲属相盗的相关概念界定不明；第二,1998年司法解释对有关亲属相盗问题的规定模糊；第三,对此类案件的量刑情节———亲属规定不完善。这些问题最终会导致亲属相盗案件量刑不均。为避免此结果,可采取以下措施：第一,重新界定亲属相盗案件的相关概念；第二,明确1998年《解释》的相关规定；第三,规范此类案件的量刑情节———亲属。     

Mistaken identity,identity theft and problems of remote authentication in e-commerce

The problem of mistaken identity in e-commerce transactions brings together seemingly unrelated issues: privacy, network security, digital signatures – and classic contract law. Combining an academic exercise with the practical implications of the insecurity of the Internet, this paper draws some unexpected conclusions regarding cases of mistaken identity and exposes flaws in popular legal arguments on the subject. Problems of mistaken identity must be analysed afresh with a number of factors in mind: the more widespread use of fictitious identities in on-line transactions, the higher incidence of identity theft and the greater difficulty of authenticating the other transacting party. The trend to preserve the privacy of Internet users indirectly clashes with efforts to ensure transactional security in e-commerce. An indispensable prerequisite of the latter is the ability to identify the other party to the contract. The problem of mistaken identity is not new – but it assumes a different scale in e-commerce transactions.     

信息化背景下流窜盗窃案件的侦查困境及对策

随着经济的高速发展,信息化和交通业蓬勃发展,其在给人们生活带来方便的同时,也给犯罪分子利用交通工具远距离流窜作案提供了新途径。而此类案件中,以远距离流窜盗窃较为普遍。因此,从信息化背景下流窜盗窃案件频发的原因剖析出发,结合案件的特点深入分析案件的侦查困境,寻求此类案件的侦查对策,对当前侦查实务工作有所裨益。     

盗窃罪中的被害人同意

盗窃罪的客观构成要件是违反占有人意愿而转移财物的占有;相反,得到占有人同意而取走财物,就可以排除盗窃罪的客观构成要件。将被害人同意的一般原理与盗窃罪构成要件的具体特征相结合,能够强化刑法总论与各论之间的整合与协调,促进刑法教义学的纵深发展。运用"预设的同意"理论,可以有效回应ATM机等自助型机器类案件中的疑难问题:使用"伪币"从机器处取得财物的,构成盗窃罪;使用真币从机器处取得财物后又抽出真币的,构成针对真币的盗窃罪;非法使用他人的信用卡在ATM机上取款的,不构成盗窃罪;使用信用卡利用ATM机故障恶意取款的,构成盗窃罪。在盗窃陷阱的场合,应根据是否存在同意而区分既遂和未遂。按照"客观权限+审核义务"的标准来区分盗窃罪间接正犯与三角诈骗,体现了对被害人意愿的尊重。     

EDITORS LETTER

Identity theft has become one of the most ubiquitous crimes in the USA with estimates of the number of households being victimized annually ranging between 5% and 25%, resulting in direct losses totaling hundreds of billions of dollars over the past few years. Government efforts to combat identity theft have included legislation criminalizing and increasing penalties as well as regulatory efforts designed to protect individual identifying information held by financial and other business organizations. At the same time, individuals are taking their own preventive actions and purchasing private protection such as credit monitoring and identity theft insurance services. We use data from a large sample of residents from four states (Illinois, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Washington) in order to assess the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for a government program designed to reduce identify theft under two separate conditions, one promising a 25% reduction in identity theft and the other promising a 75% reduction in identity theft. Results indicate that: (1) between 40% and 66% of the public is willing to pay an additional tax for identity theft prevention, more so when the promise of a reduction is highest (75% compared to 25%) with an average WTP of $87, and (2) WTP is highest among individuals who carry many credit cards, who subscribe to an identity theft protection service, and who take active steps in preventing fraud by shredding bills and paying with cash, but is lowest among individuals who believe that taxes are too high. Converted into a “per crime” cost and combined with the portion of identity theft costs that are borne directly by business, we estimate the average cost per identity theft to range from approximately $2,800 to $5,100.     

论非法采矿罪的归位与拓展

未取得采矿许可证,是非法采矿罪的基本要件。但多功能的现行采矿许可证就像一个什么都往里装的大筐,这就导致犯罪构成的理论争议和适用的不确定性,也是非法采矿罪包揽非法采矿系列犯罪的成因。采矿许可证的实质性功能是矿业市场进入特许权制度,如此界定才能准确把握非法采矿罪的客体、对象、客观方面和情节等。非法采矿并将矿产品占为己有的结果,构成牵连盗窃犯罪、想象竞犯罪以及共同犯一罪或数罪等系列犯罪,是其他犯罪领域里少见的数罪。     

一个话题的继续——再论许霆案的定性

许霆第二次以及以后的取款行为与第一次取款行为并无本质区别。第二次以及以后的在ATM机上取款的行为具有社会相当性，不具备法益侵害的客观危险性，因此，不属于犯罪的实行行为。当第二次以后的取款行为完成后，银行的财产成为遗失物。许霆非法占有遗失物、拒不返还的行为构成侵占罪。     

信息时代对刑法解释论的究问——ATM机盗窃案和“艳照门”事件引起的法律思考

信息时代背景下的ATM机盗窃案和“艳照门”事件凸显出高速发展的社会中司法解释与立法之间的紧张关系。在刑法解释论中，客观解释论居于优势地位。客观解释论是当代中国必然的选择。坚持客观解释论，不能超越法律文本的可能文义。