Examining the risk reduction strategies of actors in online criminal markets

Research examining offender risk reduction strategies within illicit markets focus primarily on those operating in the real world for drugs and stolen goods. Few have considered the strategies that may be used by individuals in virtual illicit markets that are hidden from public view. This study addresses this gap through a grounded theory analysis of posts from 10 Russian and three English language web forums selling stolen data to engage in identity theft and fraud. The findings indicate that buyers employ multiple strategies to reduce their risk of loss from unreliable vendors, along with resources provided by forum administrators to manage relationships between participants. The implications of this study for law enforcement and offender decision-making research are also discussed.     

Risky remote purchasing and identity theft victimization among older Internet users

The low self-control/risky lifestyles perspective posits that people deficient in self-control engage in certain risky behaviors that increase their exposure to motivated offenders in the absence of capable guardianship, which in turn elevates their risk of victimization. Using survey data from telephone interviews conducted in Florida and Arizona with individuals aged 60 and over, the current study tests whether this theoretical framework partially explains risky remote purchasing and identity theft victimization among older Internet users. Results from the two-stage probit models conform to expectations: Individuals with lower levels of self-control have a significantly higher probability of making a purchase after receiving an unsolicited email from a vendor with whom they have not previously done business. What is more, making a risky remote purchase significantly increases the probability of identity theft victimization. The findings not only speak to the generality of the low self-control/risky lifestyles perspective, but also indicate that older Internet users can reduce their victimization risk by taking specific precautions.     

Identity theft and the care of the virtual self

Abstract

This paper analyses how major institutions are publicly responding to the crime of identity theft. It concentrates on how individuals are encouraged to responsibilize themselves against this potentiality, and what they should do in the event they are victimized. These two distinct discourses (prevention and victimization) aim to fashion a hyper-vigilant citizen whose daily routines, home environment, consumption patterns and sense of self are being brought into accord with wider power dynamics. These measures can be understood as encouraging a care of the virtual self – a wider social project characteristic of an informational age that encourages individuals to reduce the risks and maximize the potentialities related to their data double. In the context of identity theft, however, institutionally promoted methods for the care for the virtual self transcend what is reasonably practicable for most citizens and mask the role played by major institutions in fostering the preconditions for identity theft.     

入户盗窃未遂的理论分析和实践认定

入户盗窃未遂是认定盗窃罪还是非法侵入住宅罪之争随着《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》颁布实施已经尘埃落定。但是,由于新修订的入户盗窃取消了时间和次数的限制,因而确有必要从法理和实践角度,对新修订的入户盗窃是否存在未遂形态、如何判断行为人以盗窃故意进入房屋、入户盗窃着手的标准认定以及入户盗窃未遂是否一律定罪处罚等等一系列问题进行分析探讨。     

Lead Theft—A Study of the “Uniqueness” of Lead from Church Roofs

In the United Kingdom, theft of lead is common, particularly from churches and other public buildings with lead roofs. To assess the potential to distinguish lead from different sources, 41 samples of lead from 24 church roofs in Northamptonshire, U.K, have been analyzed for relative abundance of trace elements and isotopes of lead using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. XRF revealed the overall presence of 12 trace elements with the four most abundant, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur, showing a large weight percentage standard error of the mean of all samples suggesting variation in the weight percentage of these elements between different church roofs. Multiple samples from the same roofs, but different lead sheets, showed much lower weight percentage standard errors of the mean suggesting similar trace element concentrations. Lead isotope ratios were similar for all samples. Factors likely to affect the occurrence of these trace elements are discussed.     

高校盗窃案件探析

近年来,发生在高等院校内的盗窃案件越来越多,可是针对高校盗窃案件的研究却很匮乏,高校已经成为盗窃犯罪的一个重点侵害客体,高校盗窃案件多发,影响及其恶劣。在当前盗窃案件多发的形势下,如何加大对高校盗窃案件的研究、加强对高校盗窃犯罪的预防,已成为一个亟待解决的问题。公安机关必须与其他有关部门通力合作,针对案件各方面的特点和规律,主动出击、及时发现、重点打击。     

唐以前盗罪之变迁研究

尽管名称不一,但盗罪无疑是古今刑事法律均极为关注的罪名,今人也习惯于以财产性犯罪来理解传统中国的盗罪。然而,在中国文字初创之时,“盗”其实是泛指“不正”“不当”之义的词汇;至战国时代,才被相对明确地用来指称侵犯财产的行为,但其“不正”“不当”之义也并未完全消失。此种日常语义的多层次性也影响到战国秦至汉代的法律对盗罪的设计,使盗罪一方面以非法取财为主旨,另一方面又保留着超越财产性犯罪之概念限定的可能,从而表现出一定的含义复杂性。至魏晋南北朝,立法者们虽试图对盗罪予以分化或净化,但由于“盗”字的日常语义依然具有多层次性,作为法律术语之盗罪的含义复杂性也无法彻底改变并最终遗留在唐律之中。     

公安机关收集证据存在的问题及对策

当前,我国刑事司法改革的浪潮正推动着公安刑事执法水平不断向前发展,然而部分侦查人员证据意识淡薄,取证能力不强等问题不容乐观,这在客观上制约了公安刑事执法水平的提高.主要表现在：重主观证据轻客观证据;重内容轻形式;重事后轻现场;忽视外围证据的收集.其根源在于司法理念落后,证据意识坚持"主观证据"和"客观证据"并重,迅速扭转目前的现场勘查观.     

优势视角下纠正大学生盗窃犯罪的对策

近年来,大学生盗窃犯罪在青少年犯罪中占有一定的比例,究其原因,不仅有个人及家庭方面的因素,也有社会不良现象的腐蚀及高校管理方面的疏漏。利用优势视角的理论,采取重新界定、挖掘案主抗逆力,将优势应用于行动的方法,不仅能有效地纠正大学生的盗窃犯罪行为,而且有利于重建大学生积极健康的心理世界。     

《刑法》增设“冒用身份罪”的立法建议

司法实践中,犯罪嫌疑人冒用他人身份参与刑事诉讼的行为时有发生,有的还造成了严重后果,但现行法律缺乏相关规定。文章分析了该行为的司法现状,并对该行为提出犯罪处罚的立法对策。