THE PRIVATIZATION OF VIOLENCE*

Norbert Elias's (1939) work on “the civilizing process” highlighted the long‐term decline in violence within Western societies. A substantial amount of more recent anthropological and historical evidence suggests that violence has evolved not just quantitatively but qualitatively as well. In particular, the social characteristics of the parties to violence have changed over time. Drawing on Donald Black's (1976, 1993a) theoretical ideas on conflict management, the present paper proposes that as intimate social ties weakened and the state strengthened, collective and nonintimate forms of (nonpolitical) violence declined significantly. Consequently, violence increasingly became less public, more private. Pockets of residual public violence can, however, still be found within modern state societies. Privatization varies, then, across time and social space.     

“毒品战争”及其问题评析

19世纪未开始的美国禁毒运动主要以州或市为单位进行，《1914年哈里森麻醉品税法》颁布后，联邦层面上的禁毒活动方告正式启动。在半个世纪后，尼克松总统挟超级大国之威，以“毒品战争”（WaronDrugs）的全新禁毒理念，从外交、法治及治疗等方面对毒品施以全方位的围剿。至今仍在进行的“毒品战争”是美国百年禁毒史上的一个不可分割的阶段，给美国乃至整个国际社会禁毒运动都烙上了深刻的印记。无论其成败如何，观其成因并借鉴其经验与教训对制定今日的禁毒政策无疑具有重要的参考意义。     

Preserving the Identity Crisis: Autonomy,System and Sovereignty in European Law

This article uses Hans Kelsen's theory of a legalsystem to take a fresh look at European Community law,and the relationship between the European Community,its Member States, and international law. It arguesthat the basis of the Community's legal legitimacy isindeterminate, and offers a model to accommodate thatindeterminacy. This model is founded on aconstructivist approach suggested to be particularlyuseful in the EC context. Using this approach, it isargued that the concepts of system, autonomy andsovereignty in the Community can only be understoodthrough the recognition of a plurality of viewpoints,and that it is crucial, in describing the Community,to distinguish between a concept per se and thechoice to adopt that concept.     

中西医结合治疗葡萄膜炎32例临床观察

目的:观察中西医结合疗法治疗葡萄膜炎的临床效果。方法:治疗组32例(38眼)分为肝经风热型、肝胆火炽型、风湿夹热型、阴虚火旺型[1],分别用新制柴连汤、龙胆泻肝汤、抑阳酒连散、知柏地黄汤加减同时配合西药治疗;对照组26例(34眼)单用西药治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率为92.1%,对照组为58.8%,两组的总有效率比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:中西医结合疗法治疗葡萄膜炎效果优于常规西药。     

Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic Perspective

This paper applies the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making to non-democratic states. Poliheuristic theory asserts that state leaders assign primary importance to their political survival; however, the meaning of "the political" varies dramatically from country to country. Furthermore, the types of actors who hold leaders politically accountable also vary between countries. Consequently, leaders often pursue vastly different means of ensuring their political survival. The author uses the common distinction between single-party, military, and personalist autocracies to show that apparently arbitrary differences in autocratic leaders' political concerns actually vary in systematic and potentially predictable ways. Because this argument is generalized to non-democratic states as a whole, it has important implications for the ways in which democratic states craft their policies toward autocracies.     

论最高额抵押制度的完善

最高额抵押权是一种特殊的抵押权,具有积极的价值功能.但最高额抵押亦有其弊端,如设定巨额的最高额抵押,致抵押物价值不能充分发挥;或债权人不与债务人正常交易,使债务人经济活动自由受限,因主合同备案存在瑕疵最高额抵押权实现不了等.完善我国最高额抵押立法应明确规定最高额抵押确定请求权制度、减额请求权制度和消灭请求权制度;以立法形式规定综合授信合同及其他带有约定决算期的框架性合同可以作为最高额抵押合同的主合同进行登记备案.     

论加强行政道德监督的必要性及其实现途径

当前,加强行政道德监督是促进行政道德建设的需要,是推进社会民主政治建设的需要,是保证行政管理目标得以实现的需要,是健全行政监督体系的需要。加强行政道德监督的主要途径有:确立合理的行政伦理道德标准,建立独立的行政道德监督机构,构建完善的行政道德监督机制和推进相关的行政道德监督立法。     

弘扬与时俱进的理论品质把握科学发展观的深刻内涵

与时俱进是马克思主义的基本理论品质,是中国共产党保持强大生命力的根本要求,理论创新和实践创新是马克思主义与时俱进品质的具体体现,科学发展观是马克思主义基本理论的再发展,是推动中国社会主义现代化建设的重要理论命题.     

从传播学视角看当前高校学报编辑的办刊理念

在当前高校学报改革、发展的形势下,学报编辑特别是地方性、行业性高校学报的编辑,要认识学报的传媒性质,树立受众需求至上、加强问题研究、重视深层传播效果的办刊理念,走内涵式发展的道路.     

新世纪妇女理论研究的视点探析

新世纪妇女理论研究面临的新环境、新课题和新要求 ,要求我国妇女理论研究应关注以下五个问题 :以全球化背景下国际社会普遍面临的妇女问题为核心的共生性问题研究 ;以应对体制转型时期女性突出问题为核心的对策性妇女问题研究 ;以促进妇女权益实现为核心的体制创新性妇女理论研究 ;以实现妇女问题解决为核心的条件性妇女理论研究 ;以探索中国妇女运动发展规律为核心的妇女理论研究