三大部门法视野下阶层式犯罪体系之暗合研究

德日的刑法、民法与行政法皆明确区分违法和责任,形成了三大部门一致的违法(犯罪)构成体系。与四要件犯罪体系相比较,阶层式犯罪体系明确区分违法和责任,准确反映了刑法的内在体系,在判断过程的层次性、逻辑体系的周延性、犯罪客体、正当行为定位、违法阻却事由和责任阻却事由区分、保安处分等方面更有优势,具有实质合理性。我国刑法、民商法和行政法在立法、司法解释、司法判例等诸多方面均暗含着违法和责任的影子,默契支持着阶层式犯罪论体系。     

Reliability of Craniofacial Superimposition Using Three‐Dimension Skull Model

Craniofacial superimposition is a technique potentially useful for the identification of unidentified human remains if a photo of the missing person is available. We have tested the reliability of the 2D‐3D computer‐aided nonautomatic superimposition techniques. Three‐dimension laser scans of five skulls and ten photographs were overlaid with an imaging software. The resulting superimpositions were evaluated using three methods: craniofacial landmarks, morphological features, and a combination of the two. A 3D model of each skull without its mandible was tested for superimposition; we also evaluated whether separating skulls by sex would increase correct identifications. Results show that the landmark method employing the entire skull is the more reliable one (5/5 correct identifications, 40% false positives [FP]), regardless of sex. However, the persistence of a high percentage of FP in all the methods evaluated indicates that these methods are unreliable for positive identification although the landmark‐only method could be useful for exclusion.     

党的三代领导集体在社会主义所有制结构理论上的探索、传承与创新

新中国成立以来,中国共产党三代领导集体对社会主义所有制结构理论进行了不断探索。以毛泽东为核心的第一代领导集体,对新民主主义和社会主义的所有制结构提出了一些设想,在总体上把单一公有制看成是现实社会主义的基本特征;以邓小平为核心的第二代领导集体,认为公有制为主体是必须坚持的社会主义基本原则,确认了公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的所有制结构;以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体,深化了对社会主义公有制经济的认识,把公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展确定为我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度,进一步丰富和发展了马克思主义所有制理论。     

毛泽东、邓小平与中国经济长远发展战略——以“两步走”和“三步走”为中心的历史考察

在中国共产党的文本与话语中,明确地将革命与生产力与工业化关联起来,主要始于抗日战争后期;实现"四个现代化"的口号起到了使中国共产党和中国人民摆脱"以阶级斗争为纲"的理论与实践、实现工作重点转移到经济建设上来的激励和桥梁作用;邓小平提出实现"中国式的现代化"概念,后来明确为"小康社会";对于小康社会的标准及其实现,邓小平经历了从积极到谨慎再到充满信心的言说历程。     

创建平安广东与“三打”行动长效机制建设思考

尽管平安广东创建和“三打两建”工作已取得实效,当前的“三打”、“两建”和平安广东创建工作中仍然存在着许多的困难和问题。因此,将“三打”行动长效机制建设和创建平安广东行动相结合,既具有必要性,亦具有可行性。二者的结合,是广东维护社会稳定、促进经济协调发展的重要手段,是创建平安广东的有效途径,是维稳理念具体到平安广东社会建设中的创新发展。     

Group size does matter: differences among sexual assaults committed by lone,double, and groups of three or more perpetrators

ABSTRACT

We compared a total of 340 sexual assault cases based on offender characteristics, victim characteristics, and offence behaviours to identify differences among sexual assaults committed by lone, double, and groups of three or more perpetrators in South Korea. Several differences were found among sexual assaults committed by varying numbers of offenders. First, lone, double, and groups of three or more perpetrators differed with respect to age, marital status, and employment status. Second, substantial differences in victim characteristics were observed with respect to age and the victim–offender (v–o) relationship. Third, significant differences in offence behaviours, including offence type, planning, method of approach, knife possession, and stealing property, were found. Furthermore, we identified several variables that significantly predict group size using logistic regression analyses. The study has theoretical implications for understanding how group dynamics influence the behaviours of rape perpetrators, and practical implications for victim treatment and offender intervention.     

传统中国民事纠纷处理背后的德治理念及其超越

我国传统民事纠纷的处理,采与西方两当事人公平对抗不同的“三当事人主义”,纠纷解决的形态呈千变万化的脸庞。而背后支撑它的理念则是,审判不仅仅是为解决纠纷而存在,更是推行人伦教化的根据地,审判官更俨然以“父母官”自居,打着为民做主的旗号,包办了纠纷的解决。这里见不到当事人为私权自治而奋斗的主体性,一切系于法官一念之间。在现代社会价值多元的情况下,个体主体性越来越得以彰显,“三当事人主义”下的德治理念已如昨日黄花,需要改弦更张。因此,从德治迈向法治,倡导司法独立方符现代法治理念。     

三网融合与中国刑法的应对

技术发展从来就是一把双刃剑,三网融合技术在给我们生活带来翻天覆地变革的同时,也给传统刑法理论带来巨大的冲击。新的犯罪类型的出现,犯罪行为方式在网络空间中的转变,使得传统刑法在应对方面显得捉襟见肘。修改刑法确实可以短期内解决问题,但是长远来看扩张揭示更是一种可取的思路。     

百年来中国的三次伟大革命与三次民族觉醒

20世纪以来中国发生了三次历史性巨变的伟大革命,在中华民族发展的历史进程中产生了极其深刻的影响。第一次革命以意识觉醒为特征,唤起了中华民族近代思想的醒悟。第二次革命以方向觉醒为特征,标志着中国人民政治道路的抉择。第三次革命以模式觉醒为特征,显示现代化建设模式的创新。中华民族通过三次革命,实现了意识觉醒、方向觉醒和模式觉醒,这就为创造社会主义制度、实现现代化的世界先例打下了良好的基础。     

The Accuracy and Applicability of 3D Modeling and Printing Blunt Force Cranial Injuries

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the accuracy of 3D models and 3D prints of cranial blunt force trauma, to evaluate the applicability and limitations of modeling such injuries. Three types of cranial blunt force lesions were documented (hinge, depressed, and comminuted) using three forms of surface scanning (laser, structured light scanner, and photogrammetry) at two different quality settings (standard and high). 3D printed models of the lesions were produced using two different materials (a gypsum‐like composite powder called VisiJet^® PXL and an acrylic engineered composite plastic called VisiJet^® M3 in crystal colour). The results of these analyzes indicate the prints in this study exhibit some statistically significant differences from the actual bone lesions, but details of the lesions can be reproduced to within 2 mm accuracy.