基于收入差别的农村公共服务需求偏好与满意度研究

本文以收入差别为逻辑起点,对当前我国农村公共服务需求偏好进行研究发现:现阶段我国农村养老、子女教育和医疗保障服务的需求愿望较为强烈,且生活类公共服务需求愿望强于生产类公共服务需求;随着收入的增加,保障型公共服务需求递减,发展型公共服务需求递增;在农村公共服务满意度方面,高收入群体对公共服务的满意度总体上高于低收入群体。这一研究发现蕴涵三方面的公共政策取向:一是当前完善农村公共服务体系的重点是公众需求强烈的子女教育、医疗保障、养老等基本民生领域;二是在对农村公共服务供给结构组合中,优先保证公众生活类公共服务需求,同时尽力满足公众发展型公共服务需求;三是在农村公共服务供给项目选择上,优先保证低收入群体的公共服务需求。     

The Performance of Nursery Schools in Italian Municipalities

In a neo-liberal approach, the need to increase levels of cost saving, effectiveness, and quality in producing local public services is correlated to awareness of the limited resources available and is an economic issue that has been much debated in recent decades. Ways of measuring and evaluating public services have stimulated academic interest for several years now. In this context, evaluating the levels of performance of public services provided by non-profit organizations (NPOs) as a consequence of contracting-out by public administration is an essential variable in rationalizing—both in terms of quantity and quality—public expenditure.

The aim of this article is to measure multi-dimensional aspects of nursery school services offered by Italian municipalities and to verify whether using different management models makes a difference in the results obtained. We examine data contained in final accounts of main Italian municipalities in order to evaluate effectiveness, cost saving, and quality aspects of the nursery school service supplied.

Regarding overall performance, the distinction between direct management and contracting-out has not brought out significant differences in terms of effectiveness and cost saving, even if the direct management solution is better than the externalized one. By contrast, as previous research showed, quality levels for externalized services are on average lower than for directly managed services.     

The Stability of M3 Money Demand and Monetary Growth Targets: The Case of South Africa

The main purpose of this article is to determine whether money should continue to play an important role in the formulation of monetary policy in South Africa, even though the monetary policy framework has recently changed to an inflation targeting strategy. Money can continue to play an important role in the formulation of an efficient monetary policy strategy as long as there is a stable money demand function and money contains useful information about future price changes. The paper presents empirical evidence of a constant and structurally stable M3 money demand function for South Africa over the period 1968-97. The analysis further shows that the non-constancies experienced during 1998-99 may only be temporary. Despite evidence of a stable M3 money demand function, the results indicate that M3 money provides little information about future price changes in South Africa and may therefore have lost its usefulness as a reliable indicator for monetary policy. The money stock is endogenous, with prices determining money through the stable M3 money demand function.     

“发展陷阱”的形成原因分析——兼论中国经济落入发展陷阱的必然性

陷入“发展陷阱”之前的追赶型国家,往往会出现以美元计量的人均名义GDP增长率快于以本币计量的人均实际GDP增长率,这实际上也就是国际相对成本的上升和国际相对竞争力的下降,国内外市场因此会不断被更低收入国家蚕食;人均美元收入的快速提高产生的对生活品质的追求,会导致大量有效需求向发达国家转移。这些表现在企业收支上,也就是成本的提高与收入的减少;在国家层面则表现为外贸收支逆差增加和外汇储备减少或外债增加,由此落入“发展陷阱”。我国目前可能正处在该陷阱的入口。     

及时化解和处理群体性突发事件的对策思考

积极预防、妥善处置群体性突发事件是党委、政府执政能力的体现,是现阶段各级领导面临的重大课题。要正确认识群体性突发事件的性质,避免先入为主,随意定性。面对群体性突发事件,要掌握处置主动权,掌握现场控制权,掌握舆论引导权,做好善后工作。处理群体性突发事件,最根本的在于工作重心前移,切实提高预防化解能力,采取有效措施协调和化解诱发群体性突发事件的矛盾和问题,把事件化解在萌芽状态。     

变革社会中的刑事政治问题——从制度需求的角度

当代中国的社会变革将是一个长期的过程,刑事政治如何应对变革社会情形下的制度短缺,既是一个政治问题,也是一个经济问题。刑事政治理论的自在发展在决策民主和执行监督方面有完全不同于狭义刑事政策的规律和要求,具有突出的跨学科特性和相对主义特征。以此为指导,政策与法律的二元背反在刑事制度的供求方面大有可为。     

警察培训需求调查统计与分析 ——以陕西警官职业学院为例

警察培训需求分析既是警察培训的首要环节,也是警察培训评估的基础,决定了警察培训的价值与成本。通过问卷调查法、访谈法等方式对陕西警官职业学院警察培训需求进行统计与分析,发现培训过程中的问题与差距,以促进培训教师素质提升,满足培训学员的培训需求,提高警察培训质量,树立培训品牌形象。     

Sentences and prosecutors’ demands for aggravated drunk driving in Finland

ABSTRACT

Sentences and prosecutors’ demands for aggravated drunk driving are categorised into three classes: The sentence is more lenient than, is compatible with, or is harsher than the prosecutor’s demand. The probability of a sentence falling into one of the three ordered categories is explained by a cumulative logit model. The following circumstances affect the probability of a more lenient or harsher sentence, in decreasing order of importance: driving a truck, facing at least four counts, having a legal assistant, and being present in the trial. The hypothesis that factors known by the prosecutor, at the time of writing the demand, should not systematically affect sentences is refuted. The judges assess circumstances differently than the prosecutors. The prosecutors’ role is nevertheless prominent in the sense that the sentences follow, to a great extent, their demands. Notable gender effects of the actors in the courtroom are found.     

基于BP神经网络模型对上海土地需求的量化研究

在根据上海产业政策和区域经济发展对用地需求分析的基础上,通过对土地需求、土地储备与土地供应的关联分析,建立基于BP神经网络预测模型,研究上海经营性用地需求趋势的分析和对具体指标的细化分析,进一步得出土地需求总量,提出至2010年上海经济发展对土地需求的预测分析,以合理确定土地储备量。     

关于构建民事诉讼一审终审制的立法思考--从完善民事诉讼审级制度的视角

基于诉讼案件对诉讼程序的"需要"与诉讼程序"供给"之间的规律和实现诉讼效率价值目标的需要,民事诉讼法有必要在现有立法基础上扩大一审终审的适用范围.对民事纠纷案件实行一审终审的标准及范围应由立法按诉讼标的额确定一个基本的幅度,再由各高级法院根据本省的具体情况在法定幅度范围内确定本省小额案件的标的额.但小额民事案件具有法定情形时不得实行一审终审制,同时,立法不宜允许当事人通过协议方式选择审级制度的适用.