论债之对外效力的表现

债之效力区分为对内效力与对外效力。对外效力是对债之关系当事人之外的第三人所产生的效力。一般情况下债权仅在当事人之间发生拘束力,但为了保障债权的实现,在特殊情况下法律对合同相对性予以突破。债的对外效力的表现主要包括:债权的保全,债权的物权化,第三人侵害债权,涉他合同。     

涉林渎职犯罪“情节特别严重”标准探究——从经济损失的角度入手

罪刑相适应原则是刑法的基本原则,然而在具体的制度中常常存在量化标准的缺位。在涉林渎职犯罪中,已经明确将以违法发放林木采伐许可证之外的其他方式作为的渎职犯罪,定性为滥用职权罪或玩忽职守罪,但对于该类犯罪"情节特别严重"等升格量刑的标准,仍存在立法和解释上的不足,导致量刑畸轻,同类犯罪易发、多发。量刑标准的确立应综合考虑行为的社会危害性、侵害法益的差异性、立法技术的统一性等多重因素,在此基础上可推之,涉林渎职犯罪"情节特别严重"的认定宜遵循现有司法解释对渎职犯罪升格量刑的一般规律,将其确立在立案标准的5倍以上为宜。     

中国港口口岸手续对于装卸时间起算的影响

本文对中国法院判决、仲裁裁决进行理论分析,对中国相关法律规定进行探讨,认为在当事人间没有约定必须通过口岸手续才能递交NOR的情况下,口岸手续不应当对装卸时间的起算产生影响。     

论知情同意的豁免

本文围绕医疗实务中的知情同意豁免，首先讨论了知情同意豁免规则的法律政策，详细分析了紧急情形豁免、治疗豁免、知情同意权的放弃和强制治疗这四种豁免情形，简述了医务人员在适用知情同意豁免规则时可能的法律责任。     

依法治会是工会在政治文明建设中发挥作用的重要手段

依法治会是党的依法治国方略对工会工作提出的必然要求,是工会参与协调劳动关系、履行维护基本职责和规范自身行为的需要,是工会在政治文明建设中发挥作用的重要手段。政治文明的本质是制度文明,因而必须抓好依法治会的各项制度建设。同时,还要加强工会组织自身的民主化、制度化和群众化建设,要加强职工队伍的民主法制及权利意识教育,为工会政治文明建设提供人力资源和智力支持。     

论节庆经济持续创新力与评价指标体系

我国大中城市的节庆方兴未艾 ,其实质是节庆经济。持续创新是节庆经济的灵魂 ,其内涵包括四个方面 :持续、发展、创新、效益。从产权经济学角度看 ,节庆经济也有一个交易费用的比较问题。因此要设置指标体系 ,对其进行正确地评价 ,有利于节庆经济的发展壮大。     

墨子的法律价值观及其创造性转化

墨子的法律价值观主要展现在：尚法法天的法律至上观、为仁兼爱的良法善治观、义正尚同的法律正义观、兴利利民的法律权益观和谈辩中效的法律商谈观。墨子的法律价值观以中国法律文化的“小传统”彰显了中国现代法律文化的“大传统”,映射着现代法律价值观的法律至上、仁爱兼爱、公平正义、义利相容、辨明析理等。通过弘扬“尚法法天”,促进法治意识的养成;光大“仁法”“治法”,助推良法善治;传承“义正尚同”,树立公平平等的法律正义观;倡导“兴天下利”的权益观,确保法治为民和保障民权以及借鉴“谈辩明理”的法律商谈,完善中国特色的民主法治,从而实现墨家法律价值观的“创造性诠释”和“创造性转化”,为良法善治、为法治建设,提供最为原创的“法治本土资源”。     

WHERE OFFENDERS CHOOSE TO ATTACK: A DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL OF ROBBERIES IN CHICAGO*

Why do robbers choose a particular area to commit an offense? Do they rob close to home? Do they search for areas with suitable and attractive targets? What keeps them away from certain areas? To answer these questions, a model is developed of how robbers choose target areas. The model draws on various theoretical and empirical traditions, which include environmental criminology, journey to crime research, gang research, and social disorganization theory. Testing the model on cleared robbery cases in Chicago in the years 1996–1998, we demonstrate that robbery location choice is related to characteristics of target areas, to areas where offenders live, to joint characteristics of the resident and target areas, and to characteristics of the offenders themselves. The presence of illegal markets and other crime generators and crime attractors make areas attractive for robbers, whereas collective efficacy seems to keep them out. Distance as well as racial and ethnic segregation restrict the mobility of offenders.     

The Use of the MacCAT-CA with Adolescents: An Item Response Theory Investigation of Age-Related Measurement Bias

Despite the application of the MacCAT-CA to juveniles, questions been raised regarding the appropriateness of this tool for adolescents. The current study tested for age-related measurement bias using data from the MacArthur Juvenile Adjudicative Competence Study (n = 1393). Five of the MacCAT-CA items showed age-related measurement bias (i.e., DIF) for adolescents aged 11–15, and three items showed DIF for adolescents aged 16–17. Several items (e.g., understanding of juries) were more difficult for adolescents than adults matched at the same latent level of capacity, suggesting that these items might underestimate adolescents’ legal capacities. Contrary to expectations, there was little evidence of age-related measurement bias on the Appreciation scale. The use of the MacCAT-CA in research and clinical settings is discussed.