发展公私伙伴关系对中国政府管理的挑战及对策研究

公私伙伴关系是政府提供公共服务的重要方式。本文根据合作博弈与交易成本理论建立公私伙伴关系的分析框架,从提高政府讨价还价能力、减少公共部门和私人部门双方交易成本的角度,分析了发展公私伙伴关系在政府能力、制度建设、政府诚信、监管能力、危机管理和廉政建设方面给政府管理带来的挑战,并提出相应对策。     

Is there a displacement deadweight loss from tax evasion? Estimates using firm surveys from the Czech Republic

In the presence of the underground economy, taxes may give rise to a deadweight loss from displacement of efficient producers by inefficient producers. We consider an economy in which a producer faces two types of costs: the cost of production and of taxes. If efficiency in production is positively correlated with tax-honesty, then high tax rates may cause inefficient producers to crowd out efficient producers. We find the correlation of production efficiency and tax-honesty to be positive (between 0.1368 and 0.1673) by using surveys of 426 Czech firms taken in 2004 and 2005. We also find that firms feel threatened by rivals who evade taxes. Both findings support the notion that displacement deadweight loss exists. In a more speculative part of our paper, we use highly restrictive assumptions to arrive at estimates of displacement deadweight loss ranging from 2.7 to 13.1% of firm costs.

Assessing electronic service delivery in municipalities: determinants and financial consequences of e-government implementation

In the Netherlands, electronic service delivery has become an important issue in many municipalities. Using the Internet for service delivery is seen as an important element of e-government. Based on 2014–2016 panel data for all Dutch municipalities, we show that there is a large variety among the municipalities in the extent to which they offer their service delivery digitally. By exploring the factors that may explain the differences among the municipalities, some trends can be discerned. Most notably is the strong relationship of e-government adoption with demographic characteristics, such as population, population density and both older age and younger age groups. Remarkably, we did not find an influence of education and income. Finally, we did not observe a relation between municipal allocated costs and level of e-maturity, hereby leaving the question open if and how e-government can lead to cost reductions.     

The welfare cost of terrorism

Data from 117 countries over the period 2006 to 2011 are used to estimate a macroeconomic cross-country system of equations that examines the association between terrorism, self-reported life satisfaction, and national income. Results indicate that terrorism is negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas no such association is found between terrorism and real GDP per worker. Stark contrasts are found, however, between OECD and non-OECD members. In all, our results suggest that the social costs of terrorism are potentially much higher than the economic costs, and measuring only the conventional economic costs of terrorism significantly underestimates the true costs.     

《劳动合同法》实施效果之实证研究 ——基于东莞市三方主体 2568 个调查样本

《劳动合同法》实施的长期效果如何?学界对此研究比较薄弱。借鉴三人社会理论,通过对东莞市的劳动者、企业和调解员三方主体共2568个调查样本的统计分析发现,《劳动合同法》在一定程度上增加了企业成本,抑制了用工灵活,引起了企业撤资,减少了就业岗位,同时提高了劳动合同签订率,延长了合同期限,但没有提高无固定期限劳动合同签订率,也未达到稳定劳动关系的目标。     

社会诚信、交易成本和个人权利--和谐社会的法经济学分析

社会诚信是和谐社会的重要标志。社会诚信对于建设和谐社会的重要意义不仅在于使人和谐相处,而且还可以大大节约交易成本。当前社会诚信缺失最根本的原因在于国家对个人权利保障无力,不能给人们提供一个追求长远利益的稳定预期和重复博弈的规则,使得信誉机制难以形成。只有对权力的行使进行有效监控,才能切实保障个人权利,在这个基础上,社会诚信才能真正树立,社会和谐才能真正实现。     

Is there still collusion in the Dutch waste collection market?

Concentration indexes based on regional markets show that the Dutch market for refuse collection is highly concentrated in 2002 and 2010. Similar to earlier work in 2007, the results indicate some evidence that high concentration increases costs and therefore (partly) offsets the advantage of contracting out. In 2002, results with respect to concentration are somewhat less robust. In 2010, the cost-advantage effect of private provision becomes smaller. However, for this year, we have a stronger indication that the cost advantage of private provision depends negatively on regional concentration measured by the Hirschman–Herfindahl Index.     

汇率水平、生产成本与贸易发展——基于动态博弈模型分析

该文基于动态博弈模型分析了一国汇率和产品生产成本变化对国内贸易和进出口贸易的影响,得出一国汇率与国内贸易和出口正相关,而产品生产成本与国内贸易和出口负相关,同时汇率对生产成本发挥作用的程度具有乘数效应的结论。充分认识这种关系有利于正确把握社会主义市场经济条件下的宏观调控方向,对中国实现经济又好又快发展意义重大。     

房地产开发公司成本管理存在问题与解决方案

随着国家宏观调控的趋紧、市场环境的变化,控制成本,提升管理水平,对房地产开发公司来说就尤显重要。目前,房地产开发公司整体成本管理水平不高,真正能将成本、合同、资金三条主线全面、有效地管理起来的公司少之又少。解决房地产开发公司成本管理的困惑,提升成本管理水平,应从成本、合同、资金三个环节发力,实施成本管理的三条主线与信息化系统相结合,真正实现房地产开发公司成本的科学管理。     

企业停产倒闭外迁不能归因于《劳动合同法》

近一年来,一些媒体和学者把企业非正常停产、倒闭或外迁的原因归之于《劳动合同法》的颁布实施。企业遇到困难既有市场因素也有政策因素,出口型企业受美国金融危机影响很大。《劳动合同法》虽然坚定地维护了社会保险制度,但并不足以引起企业劳动力成本的大幅增长,也不足以引起企业大批停产倒闭和外迁。《劳动合同法》的强力实施只对违法企业的劳动力成本支出有较小的影响。