道路交通事故轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定

目的探索道路交通事故轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定方法和价值。方法通过分析智商测定在轻度精神伤残者评定中的运用,探索智商测定在轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定中的运用价值。结果不同性质颅脑损伤组间不同智能损害程度构成比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;量表智商与颅脑损伤性质有关（P〈0.05）,除继发全面性与继发局部性损害（P〈0.05）、继发局部性与混合性损害之间（P〈0.01）有统计学差异外,其余各组两两之间均无统计学差异;不同颅脑损伤程度组间不同智能损害程度构成比无统计学差异;量表智商与颅脑损伤程度呈负相关（P〈0.01）,除中型与重型损伤之间无统计学差异外,其余各组两两之间均具有统计学差异;智能损害程度、量表智商均与精神伤残等级呈正相关（P〈0.01）;量表智商并非评价智能损害的唯一指标,智能损害也并非精神伤残唯一的构成因素。结论智商测定对评价智能损害与精神伤残具有一定参考价值,精神伤残评定需根据颅脑损伤性质与程度、智能损害或精神障碍程度以及生活、社会功能状况综合评定。     

道路交通肇事案件油漆物证的同一性认定

油漆物证在还原事故现场、提供可靠有利的证据方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文利用显微观察和FT-IR技术对油漆物证进行逐层定性检测。结果发现:FT-IR技术能快速准确地分析比对车辆多层漆片,各层油漆的FT-IR指纹图谱均能得到一一对应。该技术的应用可为公安司法机关送检的毒品、炸药、伪造假币、书画防伪鉴定等案件物证样品的鉴定提供科学数据。     

交强险“无责赔付”规则的功能障碍分析

交强险是典型商业模式运作的责任保险,但其过重的公益性色彩下的"无责赔付"制度设计,一旦与无过错责任原则的"无过担责"结合,就会在学理上和实践上形成限制该制度发挥作用的多重障碍。在学理上表现为违背交强险本质属性、突破合同相对性。在实践中表现为与当前的社会保障体系难以衔接,理赔机制尚不健全,权责不明。     

沈海高速公路泉州段事故黑点鉴别与改善对策

事故黑点是交通事故高发地段,具有较大的危害性,应尽早鉴别。基于2012年4月1日至2013年3月31日泉州辖区内沈海高速公路的18个隐患路段的四项指标数据,采用当量总事故次数法确定了泉州辖区沈海高速公路的事故黑点,结果与2013年福建省预防道路交通事故领导小组办公室督办的事故黑点路段一致。一般在弯路段、路侧开口变化、道路标志设置不合理以及车流量过大的情况下容易形成事故黑点,因此,应提高驾驶人的安全意识、加强车辆日常维护与检查、优化线形改造、保证道路路面质量以及完善道路交通安全设施。     

大数据时代背景下公安交通管理工作研究

公安交通管理＂大数据＂历经建设、扩容、使用和发展阶段,具有规范性、系统性、保密性和法律性等特点,其价值体现在信息查询和科学预警、信息共享和法律证据、社会服务和便民利民等方面,但在使用、安全和进一步发展等方面存在不少问题,应该转变思维方法和工作模式,积极开展与科研院所及相关行业的交流协作,不断强化信息资源运用的规范化流程,全面提升数据信息综合运用的水平。     

环境激素及其对内分泌系统的干扰

近年来,由被排到环境中的化学物质而引起的野生生物的两性化(主要是雌性化),生殖器的异常,成长中的胚胎的异常,性行为的异常以及繁殖数量的减少等的报告不断增加.因这些现象与化学物质所具有的似激素及抗激素--统称"环境激素"的作用有关,有必要从干扰内分泌作用的新观点出发,对化学物质引起的环境污染采取相应措施.     

Traumatic testicular displacement in motorcycle drivers

Testicular displacement is a rare clinical presentation of blunt scrotal injury that may take place in road traffic accidents involving motorcycle occupants. We are presenting two cases of motorcycle occupant fatalities, 21 and 24 years of age, where testicular displacement and other signs of groin trauma have been determined. In both cases, discrete external signs of scrotal trauma were noted on examination, while unilateral and bilateral traumatic testicular displacement, respectively, have been documented at autopsy. For motorcycle occupants involved in collision, it is necessary to perform a thorough analysis of injuries, in particular to look for specific trauma arising from fuel-tank impact to genitalia and/or groin. These injuries are of great medico-legal importance both at postmortem and in clinical cases involving motorcycle occupants involved in collision.     

Fatal traffic injuries among children and adolescents in three cities (capital Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn)

Motor vehicle accidental injuries are a frequent cause of death among young children and adolescents. The goal of this study was to compare patterns of injury between three capitals (Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn). Information on 190 fatal traffic accidents (69 pedestrians, 14 bicyclists, and 107 motor vehicle occupants) between 2002 and 2006 was collected from databases of medico-legal autopsies. The role of victims in accidents, the location of injuries, cause of death, survival period, and blood alcohol levels were evaluated. One-hundred and forty-one (74%) victims had a passive role in traffic as pedestrians, passengers in cars, or public transport. In victims who died at the scene, the rate of head injury was higher than in cases who received medical treatment (odds ratio = 2.58, CI = 1.2-5.55, p = 0.0127). These results underline the importance of postmortem studies to examine the pathomechanism of fatal traffic accidental injuries and to provide information for the prevention of road traffic accidents against children and adolescents.     

Massive lesions owing to motorcyclist impact against guardrail posts: analysis of two cases and safety considerations

Two motorcycle riders lost control of their vehicle, fell, and hit a guardrail, which acted as a blade and led to a rapid, fatal outcome. In one case, the high velocity of the body at the time of the impact resulted in complete detachment of the trunk. Reconstruction of the accident dynamics enabled the guardrail post to be identified as the means of injury in both cases. The two accidents occurred over a short period of time, highlighting a dangerous phenomenon that in less severe cases is presumably associated with different degrees of survivor disability. The accidents deserve mention, because a different design of the impact surface of the guardrail post might have prevented the lethal outcome. There is an urgent need for legislators to pass regulations that modify crash barrier homologation criteria, which have been devised primarily for the safety of car passengers but fail to protect motorcyclists.     

几种交通事故痕迹鉴定类型的鉴定要点

道路交通事故痕迹鉴定主要可以分为是否与其它车辆发生过碰撞鉴定和碰撞形态鉴定两种类型。道路交通事故痕迹鉴定可以从车与车、车与人、车与客体物的相互关系来进行判断。通过对2000例道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的案例进行回顾性的研究,应用痕迹检验方法对车辆及其它客体物的痕迹进行检验比对分析,总结出道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的具体鉴定要点。