流域生态补偿机制相关法律问题探讨——以珠江流域为例

生态补偿机制的设立是未来治理流域生态环境的方向。以珠江流域为例,通过剖析我国流域生态机制存在的主要问题,借鉴相关国家和地区、部分省市生态补偿机制的经验和做法,提出完善珠江流域生态补偿机制,应确定生态补偿机制遵循的基本原则,明确生态补偿的依据和标准,完善成熟的环境资源市场,建立协调、配套的环境法律体系和监督管理体系,开展区域和国际间的合作。     

网上证券交易的几个问题

网上证券交易存在着交易费用高 ,交易安全性低 ,法律、法规滞后 ,监管不力等问题。政府应当基于国家利益和社会公众利益的要求 ,采取一些必要的行动 ,解决网上证券交易存在的主要问题。     

Efficiency of 'Simple' Liability Rules When Courts Make Erroneous Estimation of the Damage

The literature on liability rules shows that the damage awards under a liability rule affect the efficiency of the rule. One crucial factor that could affect the damage awards and therefore the efficiency characteristics of liability rules is the error made by a court while estimating the harm suffered by the victims. In this paper efficiency property of what we label as 'simple' liability rules when courts make errors in estimation of the damage is studied in a unified framework. The paper provides a characterization of efficient simple liability rules and shows that the biased court errors act to change the efficiency characterization of simple liability rules. A necessary and sufficient condition for a simple liability rule to be efficient in the presence of upper-biased court errors is provided. The analysis is carried out in a quite general framework.     

Franz Böhm as a pioneering champion of an economic theory of legislative science

The transaction costs concept is operationalized and expanded in order to demonstrate that Franz Böhm can be considered a forerunner of the economic analysis of law. Within economic systems transaction costs are more than mere friction. They are social catalysts inasmuch as low transaction costs foster desirable processes and high ones inhibit undesirable processes. According to Böhm, economically relevant institutions must be organized in such a way as to ensure that the transaction-cost structure is compatible with the economic functions of social processes. This should be done by cooperation between lawyers and political economists.     

论证券结算客观性风险之法律控制

证券交易涉及的金额巨大,交易发生的次数频繁,交易关系复杂。为使其能够低成本高效率地进行,人为地设计了处于中央交易对手方的结算公司。由此也在客观上产生了证券结算信用、流动性、操作性和系统性四个方面的风险。本文建议直接进行一级结算,或者保留结算上的两个层次,但是要把结算对象和登记对象统一起来以便于降低信用风险;取消券商融资融券方面的限制有助于控制流动性风险;完备结算风险基金的运做可以降低操作性风险;通过资格审查、结算参与人制度等可以控制系统性风险。     

Opportunistic termination of employment contracts and legal protection against dismissal in Germany and the USA

When analysing labour law most lawyers tend to focus on the protection of existing employment relations and neglect the feedback on ex ante incentives, whereas most economists focus on the incentives to create new jobs without knowing the regulations and relevant court decisions in detail. This paper starts with a simple model that discusses some potential ex post and ex ante effects of protection against dismissal and reconsiders the question of rigidity and flexibility with respect to German and US labour law. Special attention is paid to investments in specific human capital. It is shown that the legal protection against dismissal in Germany is in general characterised by relatively high expected dismissal costs with a low variance, although some court decisions have increased uncertainty for the parties to the employment contract. In the USA legal protection against dismissal is in general characterised by relatively low expected dismissal costs with a high variance, i.e. a high degree of uncertainty. This corresponds to the typical differences in employment relations between Germany and the USA with respect to external mobility, internal flexibility, capital intensity, labour productivity and long-term unemployment.     

由一则案例论受贿罪中未收受到财物行为的认定

商业贿赂中国家工作人员收受财物的行为常有发生,因社会发展使得受贿行为方式花样繁多,给司法实践带来了一定难度。面对相关案例时,需要明确受贿罪保护的法益是职务行为的公正性,受贿的本质是以职务行为中的权换取行贿人给予的利,只要受贿人有接受贿赂的意向,客观上接受了行贿人提供的利益就可以成立受贿罪。最后的利益是否在受贿人手中并不影响受贿罪的成立。     

论犯罪成本的刑法评价——以法益分析为视角的体系性研究

犯罪成本属于犯罪经济学的基本范畴,通常在犯罪预防和刑事政策语境下被使用,其自身的刑法评价问题很少提及。但该问题在司法实践中往往引发争议,有必要加以梳理和澄清。犯罪成本是否需要刑法评价,这属于超规范判断,判断标准是刑法的目的。犯罪成本如何进行刑法评价,这属于规范分析,分析方法是刑法的解释。犯罪成本包括直接成本、机会成本和风险成本,直接成本可分为积极成本和消极成本。通过双层递进式探讨,三种消极的直接成本需要刑法评价,应将其作为他罪的危害结果予以另行评价。     

论表见代理的法律价值及构成要件——兼论《合同法》第49条之缺陷及完善

表见代理制度的法律价值在于侧重保护善意第三人利益以保护动的交易安全，同时兼顾无过失被代理人利益以维护静的交易安全；构成表见代理必须具备外观事实、第三人善意无过失、被代理人无过错三要件，在被代理人过错问题上应适用过错推定。我国合同法关于表见代理的规定存在明显缺陷，需要进一步完善。     

愿区区十七万元成为社会进步的推动费——许霆无罪以及许霆案正确判决的深远意义

《羊城借记卡章程》第4条规定，密码相符的交易“视为持卡人的合法交易”。本文证明这一交易规则是在广州市商业银行充分考虑银行自动柜员机（ATM）取款时有出现异常的可能性后慎重制定的，因此，根据本交易规则，ATM出现异常情况时取款的合法性是银行的意愿和许诺。许霆在明知ATM有问题的情况下，连续多次提取银行款项，这并不违反银行和ATM公司的本意，根本不是什么秘密窃取，因此不符合盗窃罪的客观要件。批驳了关于许霆有盗窃罪的几种典型的论据。宣判许霆无罪，是对作为现代社会根本特征的契约的严肃性的一次伸张，这将大大地引起全社会的反思，起到促进公民社会进步的作用。