试论刑事证明责任

我国对证明责任的研究起步较晚,对于证明责任的概念、性质、功能,特别是其在诉讼中分配的认识颇不一致。吸收近年来研究成果,结合无罪推定原则,阐明刑事证明责任的概念,辨析关于我国刑事证明主体的主要观点,明确了刑事证明责任的分配制度,对刑事证明责任的转移和倒置作了区分。     

国际制造业转移现象的理性分析

国际制造业转移是现代国际经济关系中的一个重要特征。文中对国际产业转移简单回顾了国际制造业转移的历程,详细分析了国际制造业转移的动因,并对当前和今后的发展趋势进行了预测,文章最后详细探讨了国际制造业的转移对转出区和转入区的影响。     

交付的法律性质--兼论原因理论的发展

在罗马法上 ,交付本身并未被赋予所有权移转的意思。罗马法通过对原因的要求来控制交付的效力。按照罗马法法律渊源本身对交付原因的定位 ,交付的性质原则上应该是要因的。由于对罗马法上的清偿原因缺乏充分的了解 ,中世纪的法学提出了误信原因的原因理论 ,从而使在要因交付的框架下孕育出抽象的无因理论成为了可能。     

吉林省统筹城乡发展的难点与对策

本文以吉林省正在实施的＂三化＂统筹战略为视角,提出城乡一体化进程中面临的难点主要集中在：人往哪里去、钱从哪里来、土地问题怎样解决三个方面。笔者认为,应通过加大对农村经济发展的财政支持,统筹城乡产业布局,开展农民职业技能教育,构建农村劳动力向城镇转移的制度体系和规范土地流转等措施,推动吉林省统筹城乡发展,实现城乡一体化。     

南水北调中线工程与河南省区域联合治理机制研究

南水北调工程是一个典型跨主体、跨行业、跨期和跨行政区域的水利工程,繁杂的工程建设以及信息不对称和管理认识上的滞后,管理者往往低估了各种潜在风险对工程的影响。本文从南水北调工程与河南区域关系特征入手,分析了两者间存在的问题,在此基础上,从理顺治理结构、探索具有激励相容的工程区域合作模式、选择可行的政策工具组合、从博弈论角度构建工程区域关系、引入工程影响评价机制等角度提出了对策建议。     

The Contradictory Political Economy of Higher Education in the United Kingdom

The Coalition government's first Comprehensive Spending Review will cut 40% from university budgets by 2014. This will result in an increasingly tension‐prone political economy of UK higher education. As it is, the sector already sits uncomfortably astride the two distinct welfare models currently in existence in Britain. As the fees agenda has taken hold, university degrees have been increasingly susceptible to being rebranded as a strategic investment in the future, thus acting as an exemplar for the move towards an asset‐based system of welfare. Despite this, even in the post‐Browne world students will still not be charged the full market price of delivering degree programmes. Higher education institutions therefore continue to be redistributive mechanisms providing long‐term welfare‐enhancing transfer payments to their overwhelmingly middle‐class student base. The budget cuts and the associated changes to student finance will bring into stark relief the contradictions of serving two welfare masters at once.     

教育财政支出占GDP4％目标的实现与选择性政策执行——基于江西省县域面板数据的分析

现有的政策执行机制和地方财力是否能够确保1993年就已提出的“国家财政性教育投入占GDP4％”目标在2012年得到实现？江西省1997--2006年教育支出比重的变化显示,地方自有财力的增长并没有相应地提高教育的支出比重。中央的财政政策偏好对地方的财政支出结构有非常重要的影响。中国政策过程中的政治集权和干部管理上的组织控制,使得中央政府可以有效地影响地方政府的支出偏好,如果将教育投入比重达到GDP4％列为地方官员的政绩进行考核,并加大对欠发达地区教育的转移支付力度,就可以从改变官员的支出偏好和提供财力支持上保证这一目标的实现。     

构建新型农村社会保障体系的困境破解

土地流转制度在我国农村形成了"三类人群":失地农民、农民工、农业劳动者,这"三类人群"是构建新型农村社会保障体系的特有约束。破解土地流转背景下构建新型农村社会保障体系的困境,切实保障农村居民的社会保障利益,是建设覆盖城乡的社会保障体系,构建和谐社会的基本要求。笔者在肯定土地流转制度有效的前提下,借鉴经济学中对弹性的分析思路,构建理论模型,分析土地流转制度下社会保障涉及的三大人群对社会保障制度的需求弹性和供需缺口,并基于制度变迁理论,设计出构建新型农村社会保障体系的"和谐三角"。     

On Individual Business System in Normal Market

Individual business is a business entity system created in the practice of reform and opening up in China. It is the largest market entity in China, and its vitality lies in the "family culture" characteristics of Chinese society. Although individual businesses have been confirmed by law at all levels, they still have transitional and non-normative doubts. In some places, individual businesses have been transformed into enterprises. Individual businesses take advantage of the natural credit bond, low cost of organization and coordination, and are targeted to meet the needs of the market, which is conducive to absorbing employment and balancing wealth, easy to disperse and digest business risks, and has a competitive advantage in the low-end market. In a normal market, the rational choice of the parties concerned should be respected, the hierarchical structure of the market should be adapted, the complete ecology of market subjects should be maintained, and the reform of individual enterprises should be prudently implemented.     

Gunshot residue in Chicago police vehicles and facilities: an empirical study

Suspects in shooting investigations in Chicago are routinely transported in department vehicles and detained in department facilities prior to gunshot residue (GSR) evidence collection. The GSR test results are used to associate the suspect with primary exposure to GSR. The potential for these vehicles and facilities being sources of secondary GSR contamination needed to be determined. A total of 201 samples were collected from randomly selected vehicles and detention facilities. The sampling collected trace materials from surfaces that suspects' hands may contact during the arrest process. These samples were examined for the presence of GSR particles using scanning electron microscopy. Upon completion of the automated analysis, those particles that met an initial GSR screening criterion were relocated and reanalyzed. The locations where GSR particles were recovered allowed us to make recommendations to the Chicago Police Department with regard to transporting and detaining these suspects. The low number of GSR particles recovered suggests that the potential for secondary contamination, although present, is relatively low.