Culture diversity and environmental protection

Just as human rights advocates have tended to place only civil and political rights onto their agendas, environmentalists have tended to focus primarily on natural resource preservation without addressing human impacts of environment abuse. As a result, victims of environment degradation are unprotected by the laws and mechanisms established to address human rights abuse. This paper will offer a brief comparative analysis of the United States＇ environment policy and a case of ASEAN implanting the concept of environmental right; discuss the traditional knowledge of indigenous population and its impact upon the environment protection; and at last recommend a model system used in China in linking cultural diversity and environmental right.     

人体基因财产权研究——“人格性财产权”的证成与施用

按照经典权利理论中人/物、人格权/财产权的二元界分逻辑,人体基因作为整全的人身的组成部分,处于人格权的保护之下,被禁止用于谋利性交易。然而,随着基因科技的发展及基因的产业化应用,人/物的界限被内移到了人自身,人体基因也日益外化而具有独立的经济价值。当基因科技的施为力量已在某种程度上消弭了经典权利理论所依仗的人/物二元界分的基础时,试图非此即彼地以人格权或财产权来界定人体基因的法律属性,都不会实现关于基因利益的公平分配和确保人格不被减等的结果。问题的出路,似乎在于在人格权和财产权的混同处,提出一个新的人格性财产权的范畴界定人体基因的法律属性,并综合运用人格权和财产权的保护机制来保障基因资源提供者的利益。     

Democracy, rule of law and human rights protection under gradually developed constitutionalism

With the shifting of the economic pattern and the developing of administrative law, the modern constitutionalism of China has adopted a progressive development process. Over 20 years, the development of democracy, the rule of law and the human rights protection clearly illustrate this point. For the gradually developing constitutionalism, the theory of limited rational is a theoretical basis, the stability of society is a social basis, the changing economic system is a economic basis, and Confucianism is a cultural basis. Constitutionalism of China should continue to go in such an active, steady and gradual way. Wang Zhuojun, Professor and Director of Administrative Affairs of Soochow University (till now) and as a visiting scholar in the Department of Government & Politics, University of Maryland, USA (1996.1–1997.1), whose research focuses on culture, politics and science of law. So far, his publications are “The Political System in the Perspective of Culture”, “A History of Epistemology”, “A Study of the External Economy of China’s Universities”, and his translations include “Introduction to Culture and Anthropology”, “Challenge to Culture from Science and Technology”, etc. Moreover, He has presided several research projects sponsored by The Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Education Department of Jiangsu Province, China.     

论植物人的法律人格及权利行使和保护

Although human vegetables lose their capacities of will and do not have the intrinsic attribute of civil subjects, they still have legal personalities and the status of civil subjects. The law has not provided for defects of their legal personalities, and thus civil law shall include human vegetables as objects of guardianship. The system of adult guardianship shall be constructed to supplement and correct the legal personalities of human vegetables. When human vegetables enter into a permanent vegetative state or state of brain death, law may declare the termination of legal personalities of the human vegetable. Due to the unique life state and capacity of act of human vegetables, the exercise of their civil rights faces a series of legal difficulties and challenges, mainly involving important issues such as the right of treatment for life rescue, marital right and reproductive right. The civil law shall ensure that the civil right of human vegetables can be fully enjoyed and effectively protected. Zhang Li, associate professor in civil and business law at Fujian Normal University, and also an invited researcher on civil law, international economic law and international private law, co-operated with Law School of Renmin University of China. Till now, she’s already released 23 theses in law journals and a monograph of the Survey of International Private Law. In addition, she was a member in doing studies (2006) on the legislation of Chinese tort law and presides over the researching (2007) of the legal personality and rights of disabled persons.     

酷刑性质探析

从联合国《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》中的酷刑定义入手,对酷刑的性质进行了深入挖掘,得出了三点结论,即酷刑是一种严重侵犯人权的行为、酷刑是一种滥用国家权力的行为、现代酷刑是一种犯罪。作者希望通过对酷刑性质的挖掘,加深对酷刑行为的理解,促进反酷刑目的的实现。     

论道德教育中的爱感生成——对中西人性体认的再思

德性"自盈"是中国文化对个体自我体认的最基本的评语.而一切人生理想的诉求都集中于自我德行的外溢,这就造成了中国文化对人性自我意识的过分乐观.因此,这种基于德感意识的人性体认,缺乏追寻彼岸超越精神的动力,也带来了个体精神生活的乐感取向,从而导致了道德泛化和去道德化等诸多道德教育困境;而对人性体认建立在罪感基础上的西方文化,却孕育了具有超越之爱感的道德教育.所以,中国道德教育必须从狭隘的本土化思维框架中走出来,通过再思中西不同的人性体认,促进爱感的生成,承担培养爱者的使命.     

与伦勃朗对话

西方现实主义大师伦勃朗,一生波澜起伏的人生遭际,对他艺术的创作产生重大的影响。笔者试图分析大师的人生变化,揭示艺术的真谛,对他的人文思想、技法特点及自画像进行艺术剖析。     

论立案审查程序中的人权保障

刑事案件立案审查阶段公民人权的保障,无论是立法、司法的实践,还是理论研究本身,都没有予以足够的重视。公民在立案审查程序中的人身权利缺乏有效保障的情况比较严重。其深层的原因依然是打击犯罪与保障人权之间的利益冲突。缺乏严格的法律约束的法外审查,一方面实现着诉讼程序难以完成的揭露和证实犯罪的任务,另一方面又极易违背刑事诉讼法保障人权的宗旨,抵消刑事诉讼程序本身所企求实现的部分价值。为此,应当将健全刑事诉讼法制,维护公民诉讼中合法权益的努力延伸到立案前司法机关对案件的审查过程。     

Proteolytic‐Based Method for the Identification of Human Growth Hormone*

Abstract: Human growth hormone (HGH) is a relatively small protein consisting of 191 amino acids and has an average mass of 22,125 amu. The forensic analysis of proteins such as HGH must meet the analytical sufficiency requirements for the laboratory and consists of a binary approach. A suspected sample is analyzed as the whole protein for retention time and mass determination using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Further fragmentation of the protein using a proteolytic enzyme adds another dimension to the specificity of the analysis. Porcine trypsin digests proteins in a very predictable manner and yields peptide fragments of the original protein that can be used as a means for fingerprinting the larger biomolecule. In silico, or theoretical, digestion of HGH by trypsin yields 21 peptides ranging in size from 1 to 23 amino acids in length. The larger fragments containing higher numbers of amino acids give more specificity to identifying a protein based on a fragment produced by the digestion of trypsin. Herein, the analysis of HGH using a proteolytic approach is presented that meets the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) recommendations for the identification of unknown substances.     

行政立法与人权保障——兼以行政许可和劳动教养为例分析

行政立法应当以保障和不侵犯人权来证成自己道义上的正当性。为了保障人权,必须对行政立法的权限和目标进行控制。行政立法不得限制基本人权,对非基本人权的限制也要程度适当。行政立法限制公民的权利、增加公民的义务必须有法律的授权。行政立法必须制约行政权力、保障行政相对人权利。在行政许可的设定上必须贯彻法律保留原则,劳动教养制度应当废除。