“诱惑侦查”人员出庭作证问题研究

近年来,随着犯罪案件类型日益复杂化,传统侦查手段和技术在侦破一些特殊案件时遇到严峻考验。诱惑侦查作为一种特殊的侦查手段被频繁适用于那些具有高度隐蔽性、组织性、智能化的贩毒、行受贿、网络犯罪等案件的侦查取证中,然而我国法律并没有对诱惑侦查做具体规定,由此引发的法律问题进一步凸现,尤其是"诱惑侦查"人员出庭作证的相关问题需做进一步探讨。     

论警察人权的保障

警察作为一个特殊的社会群体,其人权状况不容乐观。警察执行公务过程中的人权受损现象未有改观,警察人权潜在的受损状况日益突出。构建和谐社会必须高度重视警察人权保障工作。保障警察人权的核心是树立＂以警为本＂的全新理念,以此为指导创新警察人权保障机制,建立专门的警察人权监督保障组织,建立健全法律法规和相关制度,加强舆论宣传,提高警察的自我维权意识。     

论国际法条件责任原则的最新发展

二次世界大战之前,国际社会普遍坚持条件责任原则,认为执行上级命令在一般情况下可以作为免除刑事责任的辩护理由;二战之后,纽伦堡审判确立了绝对责任原则,强调无论在任何情况下都不能将执行上级责任作为免除刑事责任的理由。《国际刑事法院规章》第33条是两种责任形式的融合。9.11事件后,恐怖主义的出现使国际社会对于执行上级命令能否免责的问题再次进行了思考。本文认为条件责任原则的存在,一方面是考虑到了军事社会的特殊性质,一方面也顾及到了当代对于战俘、普通民众的保护,并不会削减国际法的基础,是当代国际社会应当努力达成的目标。     

论“以德为先”选用干部思想的发展沿革

选用干部"以德为先"思想经历了一个发展沿革的过程。在这个过程中,毛泽东提出了"任人唯贤"、"德才兼备"、"又红又专"思想,陈云提出了"德才并重、以德为主"思想,周恩来提出"政治上可以信任是挑选干部的先决问题",邓小平提出干部队伍建设的"四化"方针并强调"首先是要革命化",江泽民提出以"讲学习、讲政治、讲正气"促使干部立德,胡锦涛明确提出坚持"德才兼备、以德为先"用人标准。     

委托执行的实践反思与完善

委托执行制度本身存在一些不合理之处,受托案件负担论是影响委托执行效果的主要因素,管理、监督制度虚无化是委托执行制度动态运行上的最大问题。委托执行制度改革的内容核心是实行共同执行,运行核心是纳入执行流程,管理核心是强化高级法院责任。     

严格适用免除刑罚规定——兼谈对刑法第37条的理解

免除刑罚的适用必须遵循以犯罪事实为依据、以刑法规定为准绳的原则,正确选择多功能从宽量刑情节,充分考虑适用免除刑罚的必要性。刑法第37条是关于非刑罚处罚方法的概括规定,在不具有具体的免除刑罚情节的情况下,不宜直接依据该条规定对被告人免除刑罚,防止滥用自由裁量权。     

Buried voices: Mexican migrants’ views on the question of illegality

How do immigrant Mexican workers perceive the policies and social discourses that regulate their insertion into American society as noncitizens and illegals? Using ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews, evidence is presented that unauthorized Mexican migrants do not consider themselves lawbreakers but rather moral actors responding to difficult socioeconomic conditions. Informed by a keen understanding of the social forces oppressing them, these migrants articulate a discourse of social justice that works as a powerful counterpoint to the hegemonic ideas of citizenship, belonging, and illegality. A careful analysis of migrant social reflexivity offers a much-needed corrective to the prevailing top-down perspective typically offered among contemporary scholars. By looking at the ways in which migrants make sense of immigration policies and articulate their right to have rights, this examination departs from the widespread tendency among scholars and policy makers of analyzing the migrant’s social and civic status as a matter of assimilation and immigration control.     

在法律真实与客观真实之间-论事实真伪不明案件的司法裁判规则

历史的不可回复性、案件证据的证明相对性以及法官认识能力的有限理性,决定了事实真伪不明案件的客观存在。法官不得拒绝裁判的司法规则要求法官对于事实真伪不明的案件必须作出处理,但是证明责任的滥用与事实推定的失范违背了司法裁判权的运行规律。要解决该问题,需要从改良事实认定模式、谨慎适用证明责任、认真对待经验法则等方面入手,构建良性互动的事实真伪不明案件的事实认定裁判规则,让司法裁判最大限度地获取社会公众认同。     

HIGH TIMES FOR HATE CRIMES: EXPLAINING THE TEMPORAL CLUSTERING OF HATE‐MOTIVATED OFFENDING

This research explains the temporal clustering of hate crimes. It is hypothesized that many hate crimes are retaliatory in nature and tend to increase, sometimes dramatically, in the aftermath of an antecedent event that results in one group harboring a grievance against another. Three types of events are used to test and refine the argument: 1) contentious criminal trials involving interracial crimes, 2) lethal terrorist attacks, and 3) appellate court decisions concerning same‐sex marriage. The results from time‐series analyses indicate that contentious trial verdicts and lethal domestic terrorist attacks precede spikes in racially or religiously motivated hate crimes, whereas less evidence is found for antigay hate crimes after appellate court rulings that grant rights to same‐sex partners. The model put forth in this article complements prior work by explaining in part the timing of hate crime clusters.