Who owns our data?

The layman's answer to the question posted in the title to this paper lies in the question itself. The common understanding of people when they talk about information about themselves is that it is indeed “theirs”. Until relatively recently, the law has been content to remain agnostic on the subject. The Common Law in general and English Courts in particular have traditionally avoided philosophical debates about the nature of things, preferring to develop concepts and principles from the results of cases decided on specific facts and circumstances. This approach has been acceptable while we have been winding our way gently up the foothills of the Information Age, but now that we see the towering peak of Big Data standing before us, covered by the ubiquitous Cloud, it is necessary to make a critical examination of some of the basic assumptions which we have hitherto carried with us about the way in which the law should treat rights over personal information. This paper will argue that the correct approach which the law should adopt is a proprietary one. That is to say that the protection of the economic value inherent in personal information should be grounded in property rights acknowledged by the law.     

Effectiveness of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Investigate Cattle Rustling

Short tandem repeats (STR)s have been the eligible markers for forensic animal genetics, despite single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s became acceptable. The technology, the type, and amount of markers could limit the investigation in degraded forensic samples. The performance of a 32‐SNP panel genotyped through OpenArrays^TM (real‐time PCR based) was evaluated to resolve cattle‐specific forensic cases. DNA from different biological sources was used, including samples from an alleged instance of cattle rustling. SNPs and STRs performance and repeatability were compared. SNP call rate was variable among sample type (average = 80.18%), while forensic samples showed the lowest value (70.94%). The repeatability obtained (98.7%) supports the used technology. SNPs had better call rates than STRs in 12 of 20 casework samples, while forensic index values were similar for both panels. In conclusion, the 32‐SNPs used are as informative as the standard bovine STR battery and hence are suitable to resolve cattle rustling investigations.     

“许霆案”的法理学思考

法律是一种阐释性的概念，法的“空缺结构”特征必然会产生解释上的分歧。对个案来说，按照法不溯及既往原则，是不能求助立法的修正以图为案件树立新的法律依据。因此在个案中，和其他解释相比较，法院的解释无疑具有终局性和决定性。文章以“许霆案”为背景，以案件争议的焦点为对象，以哈特“法的空缺结构”和德沃金“法律的整体性”解释理论为分析工具，对许霆案进行法理学思考。认为法官在解释法律时应该具有整体性的概念，将公平和正义怀揣于心中，将抽象的正义变成具体的正义。     

两种经济法概念的分析与思辨

经济法概念是经济法基础理论的核心和关键。两种经济法概念———作为法律部门的经济法与作为制定法的经济法———存在着微妙而重要的区别。前者是同类法律规范的总称,在性质上应定位于“经济行政法”;后者具有法律规范构成上的异质性,不但在分类标准上不同于前者,而且在内容上与部门法意义上的经济法形成较大出入。作为部门法的经济法的建构在思维方式上体现和反映了大陆法系的特点,作为制定法的经济法则反映了英美法系的思维方式。     

公安院校必须强化警察角色意识教育

公安院校必须强化警察角色意识教育,这对于帮助学生实现由普通老百姓到预备警官的角色转换,明确人民警察的行为规范,正确履行人民警察的职责,成为合格的人民警察都具有重要意义。     

林森与台湾的特殊情缘

林森参加了建设台湾、武装保卫台湾、致力重光台湾的斗争,在台湾期间与当地人结下了深情厚谊,是两岸人民血浓于水的典范。至今,台湾仍有许多纪念林森的遗迹,令人回味及深究。     

俄罗斯民族的"地缘情结"--一种欧洲的意识和非欧洲的无意识

俄罗斯民族有着一种浓重的地缘情结.这种情结来自地理、历史、冷战思维以及冷战后俄罗斯人对现在与未来的思考.俄罗斯民族的历史命运似乎与在东西方之间的选择有着密切关系,但是从俄国历史传统到官方改革,从外交政策到革命运动,无不说明俄罗斯民族的地缘情结是一种"欧洲的意识和非欧洲的无意识".在失去与美国抗衡的超级大国地位以后,这种情结对俄罗斯在未来欧洲以及世界的位置都显得格外现实和有意义.     

公共行政的价值范畴研究

公共行政学诞生以来百余年,对公共行政价值的追求一直徘徊于效率和公平的工具性的浅表性认识当中,很少有人把对公共行政的价值追求上升到一种目的性(终极性)的认识高度。这不仅使公共行政价值的研究陷入一种浅表的效率和公平的交替循环和时常的二者悖论之中,极大地限制了人们的研究视野,也使公共行政学的研究因缺乏应有的理论高度而让人对其学科的独立地位提出质疑。从分层次、系统化和整体性的角度考量,公共行政的价值体系可分为两个层次:工具性价值,它包括效率、公平和秩序;目的性价值,它包括可持续发展和人性完善。     

对建立社区警务机制的构想

随着社区建设的发展,以社区为依托,强化社区警务工作,是当前城市公安工作尤其是公安派出所工作的重点,是公安基础工作的深化和发展。因此,我们必须紧紧抓住社区改革的有利时机,在认真总结和研究国内外警务工作发展趋势和先进经验的基础上,紧密结合本地实际情况,加速建立和完善我市的社区警务机制,促进和推动整个公安工作的可持续发展。     

管理能力结构化测试的问题与对策

在管理招聘中普遍采用的结构化测试的有效性是有条件的，它要求测试的要素、测试的试题、评分的过程都具有确定性，并要求主考和评委能够熟练地掌握评分标准与方法。对于高能级的管理能力，如管理决策能力等，结构化测评的效度是很低的，在测评高级企业管理人才和高层领导干部的管理能力时，结构化测试的方法难以奏效，需要引入非结构化测试的方法。在一定的条件下，非结构化的测试方法，可以具有较高的效度。