论审判公开的障碍及其克服——以刑事审判为视角

审判公开是宪法确立的一项基本审判原则,但由于存在诸多立法或制度上的障碍,以致未能真正加以贯彻落实。审判公开障碍的长期存在,有着多种复杂的原因。要有效地克服审判公开的障碍,既需要对审判公开进行理论重构,也需要决策者敢于正视问题,对现行立法进行修改完善,并对相关制度进行改革与创新。     

Multi-level muddling: Candidate strategies to “nationalize” local elections

Comparative literature has identified how political parties at subnational levels strategically refer to the performance of parties or policy issues at national level to varying degrees. Building upon these studies on multi-level electoral dynamics, the article demonstrates how individual legislative candidates, and not just parties, selectively adopt what we call “cross-level electoral appeals”(CLEAs): campaign messages which emphasize issues, performances, and actors in levels of government other than that which the candidate or party is seeking office. Advancing existing conceptualizations of nationalization, we posit that there are mainly three types of such CLEAs, those in which local candidates: 1) praise or criticize a specific national policy or 2) performance of the national government; or 3) emphasize personal linkages to national-level parties or politicians. The article investigates the potential factors which lead to more frequent CLEAs by observing candidate manifestos for local legislative elections in Japan. We use an original dataset from a sample of prefectures differently affected by specific national policies, candidates affiliated to parties differing in organizational centralization and from districts varying in seat magnitude as well as incumbent party popularity. To test hypotheses about national and local level party popularity as well as district-level variables on the frequency of such appeals, the article analyzed the data set using the novel methodology of not just counting, but also measuring the surface area of specific appeals in candidate manifestos. Through regression analysis, we find evidence of national government party popularity leading to more frequency of local candidate CLEAs. We also find that local candidates who are more dependent on the party vote (i.e. those in smaller district magnitudes and in centralized party organizations) are more prone to certain types of CLEAs.     

构建民事再审立案审查程序的思考

民事再审立案审查程序包括申诉复查案件的立案受理 (即立卷 )、审查、通知驳回或裁定再审三个主要环节 ,它与再审程序共同构成了我国完整意义上的民事审判监督程序。近年来 ,随着民事审判监督制度和审判方式改革的深入以及再审案件立审分立制度的推行 ,民事再审立案审查程序三个主要环节上存在的问题逐渐暴露出来。为此 ,应当反思和完善民事再审立案审查程序的基本原则 ,并从申诉复查案件立案受理条件、审查组织形式、审查方式、审查期限、再审立案标准、再审立案审批程序、诉讼文书样式等方面来考虑民事再审立案审查程序的构建。     

Attachment Styles, Conflict Perception, and Adolescents' Strategies of Coping with Interpersonal Conflict

In this study, we examined the relationships between and among adolescents' attachment styles, conflict perceptions, and strategies for coping with conflicts with their peers. The study participants were 146 pupils at a junior high school who completed self-report questionnaires about their attachment styles (secure, anxious, or avoidant), conflict coping styles (avoiding, dominating, obliging, compromising, and integrating), and conflict perceptions (positive or negative), as well as social and academic status and the frequency with which they and their friends were involved in conflicts.
We found strong, statistically significant correlations between attachment style, coping strategy, and conflict perception. Generally, participants whose secure attachment scores were higher reported that they held more positive attitudes toward conflict, used more cooperative strategies to cope with conflicts, and were involved in conflicts less often; they also seemed to be less obliging and more dominating in their coping strategies. Avoidant attachment adolescents in our study displayed more negative conflict perceptions and made greater use of dominating strategies.
We also found that participants' conflict perceptions mediated the relationship between their attachment styles and coping styles. Because it is generally easier to change attitudes than it is to change attachment styles, which are more fixed, our findings suggest that changing adolescents' conflict perceptions, through school curricula, for example, may be an effective way to improve their ability to cope with conflict.     

完善职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖制度建议

实践中,职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖存在一些问题,特别是案件的侦查和审判容易受到外力的干扰.为此,可从细化审判指定管辖的法律规定、明确指定异地法院的标准、规范指定审判管辖的具体适用程序等方面予以完善,以期为我国职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖制度有所助益.     

案卷笔录中心主义——对中国刑事审判方式的重新考察

中国刑事审判中存在着一种“以案卷笔录为中心”的审判方式。在这一审判方式下,公诉方通过宣读案卷笔录来主导和控制法庭调查过程,法庭审判成为对案卷笔录的审查和确认程序,不仅各项控方证据的可采性是不受审查的,而且其证明力也被作出了优先选择。结果。现代刑事证据规则在这种审判方式下难以有存在的基础,法庭审理只能流于形式,那种通过当庭审判来形成裁判结论的机制和文化难以形成。不抛弃这种案卷笔录中心主义的审判方式,任何以加强庭审功能为宗旨的司法改革将没有存在的空间。     

侦审关系论纲

侦审关系是一个具有自身特殊规律和内在机制的研究领域,侦审之间的权能结构关系决定了其对诉讼形态建构的特殊意义。侦审关系具有动态、转换性,在侦查阶段侦审关系的重心是司法对侦查的制约,在起诉阶段侦审关系的重心是审判与侦查的阻隔,在法庭审判阶段侦审关系的重心则是审判独立。根据侦审关系在侦查、起诉和审判三阶段的不同样式,侦审关系的应然样态可以表达为“独立而不失控、阻隔而不阻断、受制而不依附”。侦审关系研究的两个基本内容,一是司法制约侦查;二是法官预断排除。其中,前者的实质是侦查行为正当化的问题,后者则是裁判结论正当化的问题。从运行机制的维度审视,侦审关系的制度逻辑是过程控制与结果控制、直接控制与间接控制并举,审前阻隔与审中排除互补。主要制度组成包括侦查阶段的侦查令状制度、起诉阶段的侦审阻隔机制和审判阶段的非法证据排除规则和警察出庭作证制度。侦审关系是决定审判中心主义刑事诉讼模式的关键环节,也是控、辩、裁三方法律地位和关系的决定性因素。     

谈隐性超期羁押问题及其解决

在司法实践中,许多本身适合取保候审个案因办案人员营造继续羁押理由或规避法律规定被隐性超期羁押.基于惩罚犯罪和人权保障之间的平衡,应促进在羁押状态下取保候审的适用.应确立以原则和例外相结合的取保候审启动条件体系,完善羁押状态下取保候审变更条件体系,确立在取保候审申请权构造中多元主体参与机制,确立对办案机关拒绝适用取保候审的司法救济程序.     

保释制度的诉讼价值分析

诉讼价值是诉讼制度的灵魂所在;从程序正义、实体正义以及诉讼效率价值三个角度来看,保释制度既有科学合理的一面,也有其不完善的一面;但保释制度作为一项确认、保障被追诉人人身自由的制度仍然是值得肯定和借鉴的.我国有必要借鉴国外的做法并结合我国实际,在现行取保候审制度的基础上确立科学规范的保释制度.     

法制现代化进程中的审判组织重构

审判组织改革是中国法制现代化进程的重要组成部分。探求其重构的实现模式 ,需要以体现审判组织的社会属性和社会功能为基本理念 ,对法院设置、审级制度、法院内部审判组织的结构 ,以及法院作为审判组织的整体运作机制等进行综合性的研究。在保持现有的四级法院构架的基础上 ,通过对各级法院职责的重新定位、调整审级制度、设立巡回法庭制度、理顺法院内部各职能部门间的关系等一系列措施来促进审判组织重构的多重价值目标的实现。