后疫情时代法院在线审理刑事案件之隐忧及纾解

“智慧法院”建设的倡导和新冠肺炎疫情防控的需要,推动法院在线审理刑事案件呈迅猛发展之势。但是在线审理存在冲击直接言词原则、减损司法的威仪、被告人辩护权保障不到位等问题。不仅加剧庭审的形式化,而且导致审理程序公正性和司法权威性的降低。在线审理刑事案件仅是线下物理空间审理的例外和补充,主要适用于速裁程序审理且被告人同意的案件和召开庭前会议以及证人、鉴定人在特殊情况下作证的环节,不能将线上审理常态化和普遍化。法院应尊重和保障被告人的程序选择权,法律援助全覆盖应“覆盖”至在线审理的案件,在线审理具有不同于线下审理的特点,应当建立相对独立的庭审规则。最高人民法院应尽快制定在线审理的技术规范,并将5G技术应用于在线审理。     

论我国释明权制度的立法必要--以我国民事审判方式改革为视角

释明权是大陆法系民事诉讼中的一项重要法律制度.随着我国审判方式改革的推进,诉讼模式转换所带来的适应性问题是不容忽视的,而在当事人主导的诉讼程序中引入释明权制度不失为一种比较理想的方案.但在审判实务界,也一直未能对释明权制度引起足够的重视.释明权制度对我国民事审判方式的改革和整个民事诉讼目的的实现有着重大的意义,在我国的存在有其可能性与合理性,它能在法律层面系统地赋予和规范法官的诉讼指挥权.     

新视角下的审判委员会性质

审判委员会的性质在学界存在争议,从不同角度考察可能得出不同结论.从历史视角看,审判委员会的行政色彩具有历史延续性;从现实视角看,审判委员会是一种承担审判职能的事实上的具有中国特色的"审判组织";从应然视角看,审判委员会不应该成为独任庭、合议庭之外的第三种审判组织.虽然审判委员会仍将在一段时间内存在并发挥作用,但最终应当被取消.     

两大法系中诉之利益理论的程序价值

诉之利益是权利保护资格和权利保护利益 ,它是民事实体法与程序法共同规定的法律利益 ,诉的利益具备程序功能。     

刑事审级制度建构原理论

为保障司法公正,审级制度应从权力制约原理出发进行设计。从功能分化原理出发,各审级法院在诉讼程序中应承担不同的职责。现代刑事诉讼功能的多元化决定了其所追求的只能是一个多元目标兼容的价值体系,在建构审级制度时,必须兼顾各种价值追求。诉讼必须以救济的有效性和及时性为根本宗旨。对裁判错误的程序救济应以复审程序为首要选择,以再审程序为补充,避免再审的功能异化和不正常扩张。     

Defending the Criminal Law: Reflections on the Changing Character of Crime, Procedure, and Sanctions

Recent years have seen mounting challenge to the model of the criminal trial on the grounds it is not cost-effective, not preventive, not necessary, not appropriate, or not effective. These challenges have led to changes in the scope of the criminal law, in criminal procedure, and in the nature and use of criminal trials. These changes include greater use of diversion, of fixed penalties, of summary trials, of hybrid civil–criminal processes, of strict liability, of incentives to plead guilty, and of preventive orders. The paper will assess the implications of these changes for the function of the criminal law, assessing the reasons behind them, and examining whether or not they are to be welcomed. Identifying the larger import of these changes draws attention to the changing relationship between state and citizen as well as changes in the nature of the state itself. These can in turn be attributed to a jostling among the different manifestations of the authoritarian state, the preventive state, and the regulatory state. These changes have profound normative implications for a liberal theory of the criminal law that require its re-articulation and its defence. A modest start may be to insist that where the conduct is criminal and the consequences are punitive the protections of criminal procedure and trial must be upheld.

论“创意时代”的新闻媒体竞争策略

在媒体进入了以数字技术和文化创意系统整合的"创意时代"后,传统媒体面临着许多新的挑战.同时,新的智力组合方式和媒体技术也为传统媒体提供了新的变革机遇.为此,传统媒体既应坚守核心的新闻业务理念,更要努力推进整体和系统的创新,改变整合资源的运营模式.只要树立新的竞争策略,借助我国文化创意产业的大发展来拓展产业链,最大限度地延伸品牌和公信力,传统媒体还会以新的形式发挥其应有的影响力.     

THE COLLABORATIVE DIVORCE PROJECT: A Court-Based Intervention for Separating Parents with Young Children

The role the legal process of separation and divorce plays in affecting outcomes for young children and their families was examined in the Collaborative Divorce Project (CDP), an intervention designed to assist the parents of children six years old or younger as they begin the separation/divorce process (married and unmarried couples). Evaluation and outcome data were collected from 161 couples, their attorneys, teachers, and court records. In addition to positive evaluations from both parents, intervention families benefited through lower conflict, greater father involvement, and better outcomes for children than the control group. Attorneys and court records indicate that intervention families were more cooperative and were less likely to need custody evaluations and other costly services. The CDP illustrates how prevention programs can be located within the courts, can be systematically evaluated, and can aid in helping the legal system function optimally for families with young children.     

精神病人受审能力影响因素研究

目的探究精神病人受审能力的影响因素。方法对在四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院法医精神病学教研室进行法医精神病学鉴定的170名被鉴定人进行受审能力评定,评定研究对象的受审能力、精神症状,收集其人口学资料、犯罪学资料,采用统计描述、t检验、χ2检验、秩和检验和logistic回归分析等方法研究精神病人受审能力的影响因素。结果BPRS的思维障碍因子、激活性因子、PANSS的P分对受审能力具有显著影响;无受审能力组病理性和不明作案动机比例较高,且与有受审能力组相比差别具有统计学意义;无受审能力组言语智商低于有受审能力组,差别具有统计学意义;无受审能力组精神分裂症比例较高,差别具有统计学意义。结论BPRS的思维障碍因子、激活性因子、PANSS的P分、言语智商、精神疾病诊断、作案动机对精神病人受审能力具有一定影响。     

审判流程管理刍议

自上世纪八十年代以来,各地法院陆续开展了审判管理改革,许多法院还制定了审判流程管理规则,但由于对审判流程管理的理论研究较少,导致部分法院审判管理方式改革带有很大的盲目性。本文从考察审判流程管理提出的时代背景入手,阐明了审判流程管理的内涵,论证了审判流程管理存在的法理基础,并结合实践提出了构建审判流程管理有效运行的制度构想。