审判独立的内涵与制度保障

审判独立最终归结为一条根本的内在的理由 :审判权是判断权。审判独立的内容既包括法院的独立也包括法官的独立。当前我国的审判体制存在诸多漏洞 ,为保证审判独立 ,我国亟需建立的两项制度是 :法官职务固定制、法官薪俸固定制。     

论媒体审判与司法独立的冲突与协调

媒体审判现象是媒体与司法对立冲突的折射,从媒体的监督职能、司法独立的特性等角度对这一现象进行深入认识是遏制其发生的前提。同时,媒体与司法两者之间的合理协调,促进二者之间的良性互动,是实现媒体自由和司法独立的必然选择,也是一个值得长期关注和讨论的课题。因此,必须以系统性的视角对媒体审判进行规制。     

浅议庭审直播

庭审直播作为一种司法公开化的特殊的审判方式,在各地已经频频出现,但在法学界存在争议。庭审直播是司法公开化的一项重要举措。在中国特定国情和当前的民主法治进程中,有选择、有限制地庭审直播,具有可行性和积极意义。当然,对其弊端则要采取措施,加以克服。     

Extending the Reach of Human Rights to Encompass Victims of Rape: M.C. V. Bulgaria

This note analyses a recent case of the European Court of Justice in which the applicant, a 14-year old rape victim, alleged that Bulgarian criminal law violated her rights under Articles 3 and 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights in pursuing a practice of only prosecuting rape where there was evidence of the use of physical force and active resistance. In upholding the applicant’s claims, the Court re-affirmed the positive obligation on states to adopt measures to ensure that fundamental rights under the Convention were secured. In particular, in the case of rape, this required the enactment and application of criminal laws effectively prescribing all acts of non-consensual sex and not just those involving physical violence. In this way the Court affirmed not only that rape was, in essence, a violation of personal sexual autonomy but also that legal systems which failed adequately to protect against all forms of rape risked operating in breach of Convention obligations.Application no. 39272/98, 4 December 2003.     

取保候审制度定位之思考

取保候审制度作为我国替代羁押的主要措施,其作用未得到充分有效的发挥,导致司法实践中审前羁押的大量存在,严重损害了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益。本文对我国的取保候审制度的定位进行思考,并借鉴英美法系国家的保释制度,提出重新确立我国的取保候审制度的定位,使取保候审成为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人所享有的一项权利。     

浅议我国证人保护制度及其完善

证人出庭作证关系到实体与程序正义的实现,也关系到我国审判方式的改革,意义重大,但目前我国证人出庭作证的现状不容乐观,造成这种现状的原因之一是我国的法律体系缺乏完善的证人保护制度。可以从我国目前的证人保护制度出发,探讨其存在的缺陷,并从证人保护制度的对象、内容、启动、执行等方面提出立法建议以完善这项制度。     

民事审判方式改革与撤诉制度的完善

撤诉是人民法院审结案件的一种方式,也是当事人处分自己权利的有效手段。在现行民事审判方式改革中,完善撤诉制度对体现民事诉讼有重要意义。     

民事行政检察监督的观念更新与理念重构

民事行政检察监督机制的改革与完善势在必行。而改革与完善民事行政检察监督机制的首要任务是改变重刑事轻民事行政的检察监督观念,树立民事行政检察监督新理念。在社会主义市场经济体制下,民事行政检察监督的理念应当包括坚持司法公正原则,尊重和维护审判独立与裁判权威,遵循民事诉讼和行政诉讼基本原理以及坚持国家利益和社会公共利益原则。     

What is a Fair Trial? Rape Prosecutions, Disclosure and the Human Rights Act

This article engages with the vogue for predicting the effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 by focusing on the rape prosecution and trial. The specific interest is feminist scrutiny of the right to a fair trial, particularly the concept of ‘fairness’, in light of the increasing use of disclosure rules (in Canada and England) to gain access to medical and counseling records. Transcending the two contemporary narratives of ‘victims’/women’s rights and defendants’ rights in the criminal justice system, the authors argue for the infusion of the legal debate on disclosure with feminist understandings of wider cultural debates. They suggest that an increased reflexivity about intimacy, publicity and power, leading perhaps to the development of a concept of ‘democratic publicity’ (Fraser, 1997, p. 100), might help to revision the meaning of ‘relevant’ evidence in the rape trial. They also suggest that the wide-ranging cultural debate about memory, truth and history, and the emerging commitment to experimentation in responding to massive, institutionalised human rights violations (including apartheid, war crimes and child abuse) might be of use in deepening current thinking about the rape trial and listening to the ‘voice’ of the complainant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Developing a Multicenter Randomized Trial in Criminology: The Case of HIDTA

In criminal justice, as in other fields, an experimental study conducted ata single site does not offer a solid basis upon which to make strong publicpolicy recommendations. To date, criminal justice researchers have reliedupon two general approaches to overcome the limitations of single-siteexperimental research. The first, termed ``meta-analysis, seeks tocombine independent studies to identify consistent effects across criminaljustice settings or contexts. The second, sometimes termed replicationstudies, seeks to replicate investigations in multiple criminaljustice jurisdictions. In this paper we describe a related approachdeveloped in clinical studies in medicine and examine its applicabilityin criminal justice settings. Termed a multicenter clinicaltrial, this method demands the implementation ofa single experimental protocol at multiple sites. We contrast themulticenter approach with other methods and provide a substantiveexample of an ongoing multicenter criminal justice study. We begin byexamining the specific limitations of current approaches and solutionsoffered by multicenter studies to overcome these. We then turn to anapplication of the multicenter clinical trial in a criminal justicesetting. Using the example of the HIDTA (High-Intensity Drug TraffickingAreas) evaluation of drug treatment programs currently being conducted atmultiple sites, we illustrate components of the multicenter approach aswell as potential drawbacks researchers are likely to face in itsapplication in crime and justice studies.