我国涉外民商事审判存在问题实证分析——以757份裁判文书为依据

我国法院在涉外民商事审判中尚存在诸多问题,大量涉外民商事案件的审理缺乏管辖权依据的阐述或对此语焉不详,甚或管辖权依据适用错误。在管辖权异议方面,仲裁协议与法院管辖、债权转让与原合同管辖权效力间的关系纠缠不清,异议不断。在准据法适用中,不但大量的裁判文书没有准据法选择依据,法律适用呈恣意态势,而且法院地法被大量适用、准据法选择方法较为单一等均引致相当弊端。对于其他国家或地区判决以及仲裁裁决的承认与执行方面的严重问题在于对承认与执行的法律依据阐述含糊不详。     

对抗制要素刑事庭审模式下的非对抗性审判探析

1996年改革后的中国刑事庭审模式是在原来职权主义审问制基础上吸收当事人主义对抗制要素的混合制庭审模式,但改革的目标在司法实践中没有得到实现,却呈现出具有对抗制要素庭审模式下非对抗性审判的现象。导致这一现象的根本原因是作为对抗制庭审模式基本前提的控审分离、控辩平衡、审判中立缺失。实证分析具有对抗制要素庭审模式下非对抗性审判的现象及原因,有益于中国刑事审判模式的进一步改革。     

法治视野中的法官素质

法治视野中的法官素质除了良好的个人品性、丰富的社会经验外 ,更值得关注的是其对法的信仰、正义观念和超然的审判心理。法官对法的信仰应是对法律的绝对遵守和对法的自由批判的结合 ;法官的正义观念应遵循以平等为最高价值兼顾自由和以形式正义为核心两个原则 ;超然的审判心理要求法官在审理案件时必须努力排斥非法律因素和非理性因素。     

对我国刑事诉讼法第206条之质疑——兼谈审判监督程序审级制度的改革

我国刑事诉讼法第206条规定了再审程序的审级应同已生效的普通程序审级相一致.这给实际操作带来了困难,造成诉讼周期的相对延长、刑事诉讼的"N"审终审、国家司法资源的无谓浪费等不良后果.文章建议对我国刑诉法之206条予以修改,使审判监督程序非依赖于再审案件在普通程序中的终审审级,而实行"一审终审"制度.     

Stealing Thunder as a Courtroom Tactic Revisited: Processes and Boundaries

Stealing thunder refers to a dissuasion tactic in which an individual reveals potentially incriminating evidence first, for the purpose of reducing its negative impact on an evaluative audience. We examined whether it was necessary to frame the negative revelation in a manner that downplayed its importance, and found that stealing thunder successfully dissuaded mock jurors even without framing. We also sought to determine the mechanism by which stealing thunder operated, and found that stealing thunder led mock jurors to change the meaning of incriminating evidence to be less damaging to the individual. We also found that stealing thunder's effectiveness did not hinge on whether or not opposing counsel also mentioned the thunder evidence, and that the stealing thunder tactic was no longer effective when opposing counsel revealed to the mock jurors that the stealing thunder tactic had been used on them.     

Predictor Variables in Competency to Stand Trial Decisions

Clinicians possess significant discretion in competency to stand trial assessment. Therefore, it is paramount to explore the contribution of individual variables to ensure that the decision-making process is devoid of bias and solely relates to the legal criterion. To test for the possibility of bias in clinical decision-making, we examined the predictive efficiency of clinical, criminological, and sociodemographic variables in a sample of 468 criminal defendants referred for competency evaluations. Only clinical diagnostic variables and employment status were significant predictors. This finding supports the idea that examiner decisions of competency appear to be unbiased and relate primarily to a defendant's functional ability.     

对我国现行民事检察监督制度的理性思考

实践中我国民事检察监督因立法的简陋而难以操作;学术上对现行民事检察监督制度的研究,或者受制于"注释法学"的研究方式,或者基于部门本位主义而结论有所偏颇。构建我国的民事检察监督制度应该遵循四大原则:一是广泛借鉴国外立法的先进经验;二是充分结合具体国情和本土法治资源;三是遵循法律制度设置的内在要求,实现法律公正的目标,保证诉讼效益,维护诉讼程序的安定性;四要着眼于我国民事诉讼法律制度的整体发展,不局限于部门利益。     

我国地方政府制度创新的特点

我国地方政府的制度创新与中央政府的制度创新相比 ,具有明显的特点 :一是边际性 ,进行“增量改革” ;二是区域性 ,在本地区范围内发生作用 ;三是试验性 ,作为中央正式制度创新的前奏 ;四是微观性 ,只涉及个别领域和个别制度要素     

Marginalization in Urban Spaces of the Global South: Urban Refugees in Cairo

The paper explores the marginalization of Sudanese refugeesin Cairo, arguing that although socially, economically, culturallyand politically marginalized, refugees participate and contributeto the transformation of urban spaces in Cairo, as they do elsewherein the developing world. The paper finds that in terms of legalsecurity and livelihood coping strategies, there is little differencebetween those refugees with legal status and those residingillegally in Egypt. Despite social exclusion and lack of accessto rights and services, some Sudanese refugees balance risksand costs of marginalization to advance their livelihoods. Ingeneral, in the context of lack of full integration possibilitiesin Egypt and inadequate assistance provided by the United NationsHigh Commissioner for Refugees Office and international andlocal organizations and faith-based institutions, refugees comeup with creative ways of managing their livelihoods, contributingboth economically and culturally to the host society. In thiscontext, refugees are seen as social agents, rather than aneconomic burden for the host country.