基层政府信任与城乡社区居民的选举参与

我国居(村)委会选举在很大程度上是一个自上而下由政府强力推动的过程,其中街道办(乡镇政府)所起的作用往往至关重要。本文以南京市城乡若干社区的实证调查为研究个案,对居民参与社区居(村)委会选举的现状进行解析和反思,并通过Logistic回归分析深入探讨居民对街道办(乡镇政府)的信任度对社区居(村)委会选举究竟有多大以及何种程度的影响。最后以此为基础进行深入分析、研究与反思,阐明提升居民对街道办(乡镇政府)的信任度,从而推动社区居(村)委会选举与居民自治精神发展的可行性途径。     

融资融券担保性质的界定

融资融券交易是我国证券市场一种新型交易制度。该交易中的担保法律关系最能反映出融资融券交易制度的特点,也是整个交易法律关系中最为重要的部分。但是,我国目前相关法律法规并未明确其性质。理论界对此也存在巨大争议。具有代表性的学说有“让与担保说”、“信托说”及“最高额质权说”。确定融资融券担保的性质不仅能为解决实践中的各种纠纷提供充分的法理依据,对融资融券制度的进一步发展亦至关重要。     

Introduction: In Defence of Politics

In a world that is increasingly dominated by literary hyperbole there can be no doubt that Bernard Crick's In Defence of Politics remains a classic text. Classic not just in the sense that it provides a masterly account of the essence, meaning and fragility of democratic politics but classic in the sense that it is written with a style, verve and passion that is rarely found within political science. If the test of pretensions to ‘a classic’ status is that a book defies the passage of time in terms of significance and argument then Crick's Defence would also make the grade for the simple fact that its arguments remain arguably far more important today than they were when they were first published exactly fifty years ago. This article reflects on the contemporary significance of Crick's Defence by defending politics against an updated set of adversaries in the form of: public expectations, marketisation, depoliticisation, the media, and crises before locating the book within the contours of current debates about public disengagement, the rise of ‘disaffected democrats’ and questions concerning the future and relevance of political science.     

A crisis of trust: history,politics, religion and the polio controversy in Northern Nigeria

ABSTRACT

In the middle of 2003, disagreement over the safety of the oral polio vaccine pitted ordinary citizens and community leaders in the predominantly Muslim north of Nigeria against the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and Nigeria's federal authorities. During the crisis that ensued, five northern states (Niger, Bauchi, Kano, Zamfara and Kaduna) banned the use of the controversial vaccine on children in their respective domains. Underpinning Obadare's paper is the assumption that the immunization crisis is best understood after considering developments in the broader politico-religious contexts, both local and global. Thus, he locates the controversy as a whole against the background of the deepening interface between health and politics. He suggests that the crisis is best seen as emanating from a dearth of trust in social intercourse between ordinary citizens and the Nigerian state on the one hand, and between the same citizens and international health agencies and pharmaceutical companies on the other. The analysis of trust is historically embedded in order to illuminate the dynamics of relations among the identified actors.     

Voice and trust in parliamentary representation

In both social and political matters, individuals trust those they believe will treat them fairly. Individuals in democracies have little objection to abiding by policies instituted by parties they did not vote for because the system by which the parliament is formed is considered fair. However, even among democracies, some electoral systems are fairer than others. It stands to reason that trust in parliament is affected by the perceived fairness of the electoral system. This research demonstrates that actual or perceived provision of voice in parliamentary representation does increase individual trust in parliament. Systems designed with the intent to provide fair representation and those that provide the illusion of fair representation produce higher levels of trust in parliament.     

iGovernment: A new perspective on the future of government digitisation

Innovative use of ICT applications is rapidly becoming a cornerstone of modern government policy in every area of service, care and control. Looking beyond the individual applications and layers of digitisation, we find a hodgepodge of information flows running within and between the various public authorities, policy domains, and crossing the public/private boundary. This has consequences for the relation between government and citizens. Step by step, decision by decision, the everyday work of government is changing ‘the rules of the game’ and giving rise to “information Government” (iGovernment), without this being based on any overall strategic agenda or awareness among political decision-makers. This article places this development in a new framework and suggests a perspective on a necessary paradigm shift.     

广州地区农民工政治信任状况的实证研究

我国农民工的数量极其庞大,广州地区是我国农民工重要的集散地。广州地区农民工的政治信任呈现出三大特点：政治信任的水平与信任客体的层级正相关、政治信任的认知基础比较模糊和新生代农民工的政治信任度较低。这一状况容易导致广州地区农民工群体性事件的发生,为此,我们需要采取以下措施来提升其政治信任度：提高农民工的工资水平,拓宽农民工的政治参与渠道,加强对农民工信任网络的整合,发挥电子媒介的政治传播功能。     

Privatisation in Botswana: the demise of a developmental state?

This article argues that efforts by the Government of Botswana to embark on privatisation of some parastatals as well as contracting out the provision of certain services with the main intention of enhancing productivity and strengthening the private sector will not have a negative effect on the strength and nature of the existing strong developmental state. It is argued that the cautious and pragmatic approach adopted by the government, coupled with the fact that privatisation in Botswana is embraced voluntarily (that is not imposed on the country by either the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a condition for financial assistance), hiving off parastatals to the private sector will not result in the weakening and ultimate demise of the state as it has happened in some countries within Sub Saharan Africa. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业经营权信托设立的法律思考

经营权信托是将经营权作为信托财产信托给适格的受托人，受托人按照委托人的意愿以自己的名义管理经营企业的行为。经营权一般包括积极财产和消极财产，企业经营权信托正是通过受托人对信托财产占有瑕疵的承继和受托人限定责任信托的制度设计，论证了包括消极财产在内的财产亦可设立信托的可能，取得了传统信托法学理论的突破，从而在国有企业经营权法律问题研究方面走出了一条新的道路。     

当前大学生诚信状况的三大隐忧

对沿海地区的调查发现,当前大学生诚信状况存在三大隐忧:一是诚信意识的知与行脱节,二是诚信评价的主客观矛盾,三是诚信追求的功利性倾向。这些问题导致大学生的一些观念和行为表现出与公民道德建设要求极不相称的倾向。对大学生的诚信教育要行知并重,诚信机制要他律与自律共建,诚信行为引导要义与利相结合。