The file on operation “Priboi”: A re-assessment of the mass deportations of 1949

Abstract

Using information from documents found in the Russian State Military Archives, this article discusses the organization and execution of the Soviet mass deportations from the Baltic States in March 1949 — code-named Operation “Priboi” by the USSR MVD. These findings are presented for the first time in English, in the context both of established historiographical interpretations and recent literature on the deportations. The aim is to encourage a scholarly reassessment of Operation “Priboi” as a crime against humanity perpetrated by the Soviet occupation regime, but supported by indigenous collaborators to a far greater degree than previously assumed.     

产权式酒店经营中投资者利益保护探究

投资者将产权式酒店统一委托给酒店管理公司进行经营,信息的不对称性,决定了投资者的弱势地位。如何对酒店管理公司进行监督,投资者如何更换酒店管理公司以及如何退出产权式酒店的投资等问题是产权式酒店在经营过程中必然面对的问题。本文建议,应根据我国物权及信托的相关法律法规的规定,有针对性地提出解决方案。     

Returning to the Original Point of Normalization of China-Japan Relations and Renewing Peaceful and Friendly Relations between Governments

正Japan and China are neighbors that cannot move away from each other.Thus,it’s quite natural that there are quarrels between them because we are so close to each other.There is no other option between Japan and China except peace and friendship.On the occasion of the 3rd Anniversary of the normalization of Japan-China diplomatic relations on September 29,1975,in order to solidify the     

Food Scandal Intolerable

正On July 20,the public was appalled as a disturbing scene aired over the nightly TV news broadcast and on the Internet Workers reprocessing long-expired meat into products at Shanghai Husi Food Co.Ltd.,owned by the U.S.-based OSI Group,were caught redhanded by undercover reporters.It was later revealed that the company had forged production dates on at least4,300 cases of smoked beef patties.The dates were altered to January 2014 from May 2013.Among them,more than 3,000     

两岸互信的巩固与深化：理论视角与实现路径

信任是两岸交流交往活动得以实现及深入的核心机制。目前围绕两岸互信基础的解释,存在两大视角：一是以理性选择的计算为基础;二是以非理性的社会或关系选择为基础。两岸互信既可能来源于双方的理性选择,也可能来源于双方间的交往过程,甚至是来源于两岸制度化的合作等,当然还可能来源于前述几个＂信任源＂的不同组合。概括起来,巩固与深化两岸互信的动力来源体现在以下三个关键因素：对历史与现状的反思、相互依存的利益联结以及共同价值与规范的培育与形塑。而增进和深化两岸的相互信任,除了两岸基于理性选择增强双方的利益联结之外,还可从增进合作型信任关系、构建＂积极信任＂机制以及开展社会心理建设等入手。     

Researching counterterrorism: a critical perspective from the field in the light of allegations and findings of covert activities by undercover police officers

The article addresses some of the key issues that are raised for researchers engaging with counterterrorism police officers and initiatives, when undertaking research. A significant area to explore in this context is, in fact, the issue of relationships with counterterrorism police officers who may themselves directly have been covert police officers in the past and/or who may be continuing in their current, apparently more open, role (wittingly or otherwise) as agents of broader state strategies of exploiting trust for intelligence-gathering purposes. This article suggests that it is important for researchers to understand that working within the counterterrorism field involves degrees and shades of risk in the service of trust-building, sensitivity and the empowerment of communities, and that researchers themselves can (wittingly and unwittingly) be part of wider strategies instigated by security-minded individuals or groups of counterterrorism police officers. Reflecting upon the research that we have undertaken individually and collectively over the last number of years, in the light of the most recent spate of allegations about counterterrorism police officers infiltrating activist and political protest groups, having sexual relationships, and indeed, on occasion, children, with women whilst undercover and of potentially working to entrap vulnerable individuals into planning terrorist acts, this article raises questions around trust, credibility, legitimacy, the prevalence and near unavoidability of dysfunctional agendas and the implications of all of the above for community-based approaches to counterterrorism.     

Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young French Male Prisoners

While forensic studies have reported higher than community rates of mental disorders in imprisoned populations, few studies have focused on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD prevalence among young French male prisoners. A specific diagnostic interview (Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐IV, CAADID) was used. Correlations between ADHD, subsyndromal ADHD, and criminal features were investigated. 11% of young male prisoners among 93 male subjects aged 18–35 years met the criteria for actual ADHD, and 17% met those for childhood ADHD. Considering ADHD and subsyndromal ADHD, prevalence was about 43% in adulthood. ADHD and subsyndromal ADHD in adulthood were significantly associated with a higher number of imprisonments and a younger age at first arrest. It could be advisable to better identify subjects with ADHD symptoms among prison populations.     

Mary Wollstonecraft’s divergent attitudes towards trust

ABSTRACT

Mary Wollstonecraft is increasingly being recognized as a philosopher who made a noteworthy contribution to moral and political philosophy. Her work not only encompassed political treatises, such as the now well-known A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, but also fiction. This article demonstrates how Wollstonecraft’s work comprised three main ways of engaging with trust, namely distrust, virtuous trust, and open trust. It puts these three forms of trust into context with Wollstonecraft’s ambivalent relation to the 18^th-century culture of sensibility. Moreover, Wollstonecraft’s open form of trust is compared with the 20^th-century Danish theologian and philosopher K. E. Løgstrup’s conception of trust. Løgstrup regarded genuine trust as a spontaneous, basic phenomenon that was not rooted in moral reasoning. While there are some similarities between Wollstonecraft’s open trust and Løgstrup’s understanding of trust, Wollstonecraft ultimately reinforced the value of ‘an educated heart’, namely the idea that the feelings of the heart should be cultivated by reason. Accordingly, this article offers some insight into how we may perceive Wollstonecraft’s strong rejection of Edmund Burke’s ‘inbred sentiments’, that is, Burke’s belief in innate, benign moral instincts.     

告知承诺政策:一种政府给予民众的制度化信任资源

在国务院全面推行告知承诺制的政策背景之下,如何准确解读告知承诺政策的理论内涵已经成为一项十分重要的学术任务。究其根本,告知承诺政策乃是一种政府给予民众的制度化信任资源。这种制度化信任资源具备实践方式的行政性、价值导向的利他性以及灵活避险的决断性等基本特征。其实践路径应当包含重视信息甄别、跟进信息追踪、倡导德法并举、关切风险补偿等方面内容。从政府给予民众的制度化信任资源层面界定告知承诺政策,建构相关理论分析框架,有助于更深刻理解和剖析告知承诺政策的内涵本质,更好地明确和把握其具体实践策略,也为扩展和深化政策科学领域信任问题的相关研究视角提供了必要且极具针对性的现实依托。     

Elections as a democratic linkage mechanism: How elections boost political trust in a proportional system

Elections offer a privileged moment in representative democracy, when citizens have the opportunity to express their views, both on the track record of the incumbent government, as on the way the country should be governed in the future. Procedural fairness theory assumes that taking part in a decision making procedure that is perceived to be fair, strengthens the legitimacy of the entire process. Most of the empirical research assumes that the attitudinal effects of elections are mainly due to the fact that one's preferred party wins the elections. In multi-party systems, however, such a clear distinction is not always possible and therefore it is hypothesized that the winner-loser-logic is weaker in this kind of party system. In this study we rely on a unique Belgian panel study to ascertain how electoral participation has an effect on political trust. The results show that in a proportional system all voters rise in political trust following their participation in elections. The winner-loser effect is not significant. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that especially the respondents with the initially lowest trust levels gain most by participating in elections. The theoretical implication of this finding is that apparently elections are still considered to be an important and legitimate linkage mechanism between citizens and the political system.