海峡两岸夫妻财产制度比较研究

修改后的两岸新夫妻财产制,虽然呈现出一些共同点,但仍有诸多冲突。我国建立了与台湾地区相类似的夫妻个人特有财产制度,完善了夫妻共同财产的范围和约定财产制;台湾地区废弃了危害夫妻平等地位的联合财产制,增设了法定财产制和剩余财产分配制。台湾地区新夫妻财产制的完整性、可操作性值得我国借鉴。     

两大法系战后的发展趋势及其借鉴意义

伴随着全球化的进程,战后两大法系越来越呈现出"求同存异、协调发展"的趋势,但在这种趋势中两者的法律技术、推理方法、诉讼制度、司法体制等诸多方面的差别也依然长期存在.这种情况告诫我们:中国的法治建设务必保持传统的法制精华,立足本土的实际状况,借鉴外来的文明成果,面向未来的创新目标.     

关于中国共产党性质的几个问题

正确认识中国共产党的性质,对我们搞好党的自身建设具有重要意义。本文主要谈了对“党的性质的决定因素和判断标准”、“中国工人阶级先锋队性质的体现”及“中国共产党两个先锋队之间的关系”的认识。     

近20年我国旅游地女性问题研究回顾与前瞻（1994～2014年）

自20世纪90年代以来,旅游地女性问题成为国内旅游学研究的重要议题之一。以中国期刊全文数据库、中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库为文献检索来源,对1994年以来我国旅游地女性问题研究的21篇硕士论文和79篇重要期刊文献进行系统归纳和评述,并对该研究领域中存在的问题及发展趋势进行大致描述,可以为将来的研究提供启发和借鉴。     

Practical Considerations in Trace Element Analysis of Bone by Portable X‐ray Fluorescence

Forensic anthropologists are more often turning to nondestructive methods to assist with skeletal analyses, specifically for trace elemental analyses. Portable XRF (pXRF) instruments are versatile and are able to be used in diverse settings or for specimens of a shape and size that cannot be accommodated by laboratory‐based instruments. Use of XRF requires knowledge of analysis parameters such as X‐ray penetration and exit depth. Analysis depth was determined by examining pure elements through known thicknesses of equine bone slices. Correlation between the element's X‐ray emission energy and the depth of reading was observed. Bone surfaces from a small unknown historic cemetery were analyzed before and after sanding of the periosteal surface to observe possible changes in XRF readings based on potential diagenesis. Results validate the pXRF device as a powerful and convenient instrument for nondestructive analysis, while highlighting limitations and considerations for the analysis of osseous materials.     

GAMarker基因分型专家系统的设计与实现

目的DNA基因分型软件是DNA检测技术体系不可缺少的一环,为拓展GA118系列遗传分析仪器的应用,须研制一套DNA基因分型专家系统,以满足法庭科学DNA检验鉴定工作的需要。方法基于已掌握的DNA片段定长和基因分型数据处理解决方法及相关核心算法,使用JAVA语言和MYSQL数据库,利用Maven进行项目管理,经对GA118系列、ABI系列数据文件解析和数据分析,研发了专家系统GAMarker。结果该系统实现了样本和数据呈现、样本分析要素质量评估、分析方法管理、分型结果展示和人工核查、电泳数据审查、生成分析报告、系统安全等功能,并可分析8色荧光数据。结论GAMarker可进行软件设定、数据分析与比对、图谱查看与编辑,是一套完整的DNA片段分析流程和直观的数据审核工具,可代替国外产品、有效支撑国产遗传分析仪相关系列型号的数据分析,能满足侦破案件、DNA数据库建设的需要。     

Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin

Metals can pose challenges while conducting forensic DNA analysis. The presence of metal ions in evidence-related DNA extracts can degrade DNA or inhibit PCR as applied to DNA quantification (real-time PCR or qPCR) and/or STR amplification, leading to low success in STR profiling. Different metal ions were spiked into 0.2 and 0.5 ng of human genomic DNA in an “inhibition study” and the impact was evaluated by qPCR using the Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an in-house SYBR Green assay. This study reports on a contradictory finding specific to tin (Sn) ions, which caused at least a 38,000-fold overestimation of DNA concentration when utilizing Quantifiler Trio. This was explained by the raw and multicomponent spectral plots, which indicated that Sn suppresses the Quantifiler Trio passive reference dye (Mustang Purple™, MP) at ion concentrations above 0.1 mM. This effect was not observed when DNA was quantified using SYBR Green with ROX™ as the passive reference, nor when DNA was extracted and purified prior to Quantifiler Trio. The results show that metal contaminants can interfere with qPCR-based DNA quantification in unexpected ways and may be assay dependent. The results also highlight the importance of qPCR as a quality check to determine steps for sample cleanup prior to STR amplification that may be similarly impacted by metal ions. Forensic workflows should recognize the risk of inaccurate DNA quantification of samples that are collected from substrates containing tin.     

Persistence of cellular material after exposure to water

Disposing of items of forensic relevance in bodies of water is one countermeasure offenders can use to avoid detection. The impact of immersion in water has been explored for blood, saliva, and semen; however, few studies have assessed touch DNA. Here we report on the effect of exposure to water on the persistence of touch DNA over prolonged periods of time. To evaluate the persistence of cells from touch DNA, after water exposure, three substrates and two water types were tested: plastic, metal, and ceramic, submerged into seawater or tap water. Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye was used to stain cells deposited by touch. Cell counts before and after water exposure were compared to investigate cell loss over time, ranging from 6 hours to 5 days. A logarithmic increase in the percent of cells lost was observed over time when the data for substrate and water type conditions were combined. Substrate type influenced the persistence of cells, with the metal substrate retaining cells longer than plastic or ceramic. The influence of water type appeared dependent on the substrate, with varied cell persistence on metal whereas plastic and ceramic recorded similar cell loss over time between water types. The ability to visualize cells after exposure to water could assist in triaging evidence within operational forensic laboratories and allow for targeted sampling. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that greater than 50% of cells can persist on various items submerged in aqueous environments for at least 5 days, highlighting the possibility for downstream DNA testing.     

海峡两岸毒品犯罪的互动及合作打击困境

20世纪80年代末,海峡两岸开启互通交流之门后,大陆与台湾的毒品犯罪进入了相互渗透、相互影响的状态,尤其在两岸分别加入WTO以及开放“小三通”之后,毒品犯罪伴随着更为频繁的经贸往来和文化交流呈现增长加剧之势,给两岸的社会稳定和治安带来更大的威胁。海峡两岸警方为打击跨境毒品犯罪网络积极寻求合作的途径与方式,并取得了一定的合作成果,但由于缺少直接快速的合作通道和可循的长期合作机制,共同打击毒品犯罪行动面临困境。     

Suicide Bombers in Iraq, 2003–2010: Disaggregating Targets Can Reveal Insurgent Motives and Priorities

Extending data reported by Mohammed Hafez in 2007, we compiled a database of 1,779 suicide bombers who attempted or completed attacks in Iraq from 2003 through 2010. From 2003 through 2006, monthly totals of suicide bombers show a pattern different from the pattern of non-suicide insurgent attacks, but from 2007 through 2010 the two patterns were similar. This biphasic pattern indicates that suicide attacks sometimes warrant separate analysis but sometimes are just one tactic in a larger envelope of insurgent violence. We also show that only 13 percent of suicide bombers targeted coalition forces and international civilians, primarily during the early years of the conflict, whereas 83 percent of suicide bombers targeted Iraqis (civilians, members of the Anbar Awakening Movement, Iraqi security forces, and government entities) in attacks that extended throughout the duration of the insurgency. These results challenge the idea that suicide attacks are primarily a nationalist response to foreign occupation, and caution that “smart bombs” may be more often sent against soft targets than hard targets. More generally, our results indicate that suicide attacks must be disaggregated by target in order to understand these attacks as the expression of different insurgent priorities at different times.