四川少数民族同胞利益诉求差异研究

四川少数民族同胞最强烈的利益诉求是增加家庭收入,而不是改善居住和生活条件。不仅不同性别、不同民族少数民族同胞存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异,而且不同年龄、不同地区、接受不同教育程度的少数民族同胞也存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异。政府应大力改善基础设施、交通条件,发展民族经济;大力提高少数民族同胞教育水平,促进民族地区经济发展;通过基础设施和交通条件的改善、民族经济的发展,提高少数民族同胞的生活水平、改善民族地区的基础设施和交通条件,促进民族地区经济的发展和少数民族同胞生活水平的提高。     

Interest group–party linkage in the twenty‐first century: Evidence from Denmark,the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

This article systematically investigates interest group–party interactions in the Netherlands, Denmark and the United Kingdom based on cross‐national surveys with responses from 1,225 interest groups. The findings show that interest groups and parties still interact in the beginning of the twenty‐first century, but that the vast majority of their interaction involves a low degree of institutionalisation. Using fractional logit analysis, it is demonstrated that the strength of interest group–party linkage is primarily affected by systematic differences in state–society structures and organisational group characteristics. Moreover, differences are found in what conditions different types of interaction. Whereas historical legacies and partisan origin influence an interest group's structural party links, group resources make interactions of a less institutionalised, ad hoc nature more likely.     

The theory of value and the value of theory — a reply to Cutler et al.

Abstract

Serving as a pledge against a future promise, collateral has traditionally been understood as a ‘back office’ technicality that reduces the risk of default. Yet in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the erosion of faith among market participants in the credit quality of large banks, collateral is playing an increasingly important epistemic role within finance, as an anchor that underpins the valuation of a growing number of financial instruments. This paper explores the increasing importance of collateral to the modelling practices used by ‘quants’ to value ‘over-the-counter’ interest rate derivatives since the 2008 financial crisis, and how the inclusion of collateral expertise into quants’ own modelling practices has affected these markets. This historical episode suggests that while the inclusion of collateral expertise into banks’ front office modelling practices has made banks’ pricing models less abstract and more aligned to the traditionally overlooked legal practices that underpin derivatives trading, it has also led to an explosion of complexity in the valuation of these instruments that now threatens the future existence of these markets.     

Gaining access or going public? Interest group strategies in five European countries

Interest groups differ in the strategies they use to influence public policy. Some mainly try to gain access (i.e., have direct contact with decision makers), whereas others tend to ‘go public’ by launching campaigns that aim to mobilise the broader public. In this article it is argued that group type – namely the distinction between business associations, professional associations and citizen groups – is a major determinant of the choice of strategy. The effect of group type, however, is conditional on the group's endowment with material resources and the issue context: the differences across group types are largest for resource‐rich associations and associations active in distributive policy fields. Original data from surveys of national associations in five European countries (Austria, Germany, Ireland, Latvia and Spain) enable the assessment of this argument. The theoretical expectations are supported, with the results having relevance for the normative evaluation of political systems and the positive study of interest group influence.     

论缔约过失责任制度下信赖利益的保护

任何一种法律制度的产生和发展,皆不是基于逻辑的推演,以一种主观建构力量而制造出的"宏大叙事",而皆是具体的、历史的社会经济及法治实际生活的产物;虽然人类法律文明的漫漫长河衍生出了某些体现全人类共同价值取向的普适制度,但不可否认的是,大多数法律规范皆不可避免地带有具体的地域和历史时期的显著特征,无不被打上了一时一地所特有的鲜明烙印。而在这些纷繁芜杂的包括政治、经济、文化和其他社会因素在内的土壤之中,又蕴涵着这一制度所赖以生根发芽的关键性的要素,那就是这一制度的主旨。作为一项法律制度的主旨,不仅构成这一制度的精髓,贯穿于这一制度立法、执法、司法和守法的各个阶段,并发挥其不可或缺的指导作用;而且构成这一制度随现实情况的变革而自我完善、自我发展的内在动力,成为评价、改造、完善和发展这一制度的恰当尺度。因此,对于某一制度的主旨的研究,不仅对于廓清这一制度本身所涉及的理论问题大有好处,而且对于这一制度在实践中发挥其应有的作用亦饶有裨益。正是基于这样一种考虑,本文拟以缔约过失责任制度设立的主旨--信赖利益的保护为研究对象,从对缔约过失理论提出的社会背景及历史沿革的阐述入手,引出缔约过失责任制度的主旨所在,进而逐层论述缔约过失责任各项制度中信赖利益     

试论农民工权益法律保障所面临的问题和对策

农民工合法权益受损的原因不在于制度供给不足,而在于法律、政策没有得到有效实施。应当建立一种长效机制把保障农民工权益的法律、政策和措施切实得以落实,使对农民工合法权益的保障力度不因各级政府,特别是中央政府注意力的改变而改变。     

非财产利益贿赂的犯罪化和追诉标准

“非财产利益贿赂”侵犯了贿赂罪的客体,并且其社会危害性已经达到了犯罪化的程度,应以贿赂犯罪论处。“非财产利益贿赂”的追诉标准是行为人谋取或为他人谋取到了不正当利益的,应予追诉。     

对经济法若干基本理论问题的重新思考

作者认为经济法在法律定位上可定义为市场条件保障法 ,其性质属于社会法的范畴。其特点是在调整目标上具有明确性和单一性、调整内容上具有经济性、调整手段上具有多样性 ;在价值取向上经济法追求的是个体利益和社会利益平衡基础之上的社会利益至上。经济法的内容和体系主要应当包括市场条件保障法、市场行为矫正法、市场行为引导法和市场行为促进法。     

地方保护主义:地方与中央的博弈关系

地方保护主义造成了种种危害,只有通过转变政府职能、有效划分事权和加强法制建设的对策性措施,才能从根本上解决地方保护主义这一棘手难题,使中央与地方关系走上健康发展的轨道。     

房屋拆迁权的滥用与预防

房屋拆迁权的行使是否合法 ,是一个被立法和理论研究遗忘的问题 ,其合法性应从实体要件和程序要件两个方面评定。拆迁行为是否符合社会公共利益 ,是判定拆迁是否符合实体要件 ,以及是否被滥用的唯一标准。公共利益的层次性 ,是解决房屋拆迁权冲突的法理依据。行政救济是房屋拆迁权合法的程序要件 ,应当在房屋拆迁前实施行政听政制度 ,并允许拆迁当事人提出行政复议和行政诉讼。