社会需求导向下公共管理类本科人才培养目标的再定位——以陕西省高校为例

当前公共管理类本科人才培养模式不能完全适应社会需求的根本原因是培养目标与社会需求脱节。应理清学术型人才与应用创新型人才划分、应用创新型人才层次与高校类型等问题。创新公共管理类本科人才培养模式,必须以需求为导向,对培养目标进行再定位,即从社会需求出发,将当前单一学术的"h"型的培养目标转变为应用创新的"H"型公共管理类本科人才培养目标。并通过对培养规格的再定位,建立与社会需求相适应的应用创新能力结构、知识结构和素质结构,使公共管理类本科人才成为既适应政府部门,又适应非政府部门和企事业组织的应用创新型人才。     

Institutional Foundations of Legislative Turnover: A Comparative Analysis of the Swiss Cantons

Abstract: The rate of turnover within parliaments remains an understudied area of research. The present paper contributes to filling this gap by presenting the first comparable macro‐level data on legislative turnover in the 26 Swiss cantonal legislatures. In examining the strikingly different levels of turnover in sub‐national Swiss parliaments between 1993 and 2011, the focus is on politico‐institutional features. Multilevel models reveal that two hitherto neglected institutional variables are correlated with legislative turnover. In addition to the reduction of parliamentary size, we find the strength of a cantonal parliament to affect turnover rates on the Swiss sub‐national level. Moreover, we show that proportional representation significantly promotes parliamentary elite circulation. Among the non‐institutional covariates, we find that electoral volatility is also relevant in explaining legislative turnover rates.     

论慎刑理念对古代司法运行机制的影响

慎刑理念作为中国传统司法文化的重要组成部分,是传统司法文化中最能够代表主流司法理念的内容。所谓"慎刑"就是主张在适用法律、实施刑罚时应该审慎、宽缓,无论立法、司法都必须崇德,施用刑罚要慎重从事。儒家秉持的人本主义,"仁政"理念,为政以德和"执中致和"等思想是慎刑理念发展延续的理论基础。慎刑理念主要在司法机构设置、司法官吏的执法要求和违法责任的追究、司法审判方式和原则、诉讼审判程序等方面对古代司法制度的设计与运行产生了十分重要的影响。研究这种理念、制度的发生和存在的意义在于不仅可以加深我们对中国传统司法文化特征及其历史价值的认识,而且对于我们如何在当代的社会主流文化中创新与时代发展相适应的司法理念和司法制度,具有启示意义。     

Influence Through Introspection

正As Chinese art gains popularity worldwide,artists in China are rediscovering the value of their traditional culture.In a recent interview with Beijing Review,yang Xiaoyang,President of the China National Academy of Painting,elaborated on the positive interactions between Chinese and Western artistic traditions.Excerpts follow:     

From Prospect To Prosperity

正Now that the cult of manufacturing has faded away,Shenzhen explores new development models Surrounded by swathes of deserted factories,containers and various steel structures,a 40-meter grey concrete chimney stands silently in the Shekou Industrial Zone in Shenzhen,south China’s Guangdong Province."Huayi Aluminum     

INVESTING IN RESILIENT GROWTH

正China adds new vitality to global governance during Brisbane G20 SummitLeaders of the Group of 20(G20)have promised to work together to lift growth,boost economic resilience and strengthen global institutions upon concluding their summit meeting held in Brisbane,Australia,on November 15-16.     

Reflections on the New Administration,One Year on

正The new Chinese leadership completes a full year in off ice in March.No two words sum up its signature policies better than"deepening reforms"–as reiterated by top leaders in multiple circumstances over the past year.Last November,the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to comprehensively deepen reforms.The objective is to achieve decisive results by 2020 through reforms     

Why China Won't Suffer a “Debt Crisis”

正INACCURATE articles sometimes appear in the Western media claiming China faces a"severe debt crisis."Factually these are easily refuted.Changyong Rhee,the IMF’s Asia and Pacific Department director,recently pointed out that China’s national and local government debt is only 53 percent of GDP,while the U.S.government’s debt is roughly     

检察机关内设机构设置改革问题研究

检察机关内设机构,近十多年来一直是检察改革的研究热点。研究内设机构改革,应从归纳设置现状,分析其存在的问题入手,评析当下各种改革方案之优劣,通过探讨检察职权在检察机关内部的二次分解,研究设置应当遵循的六个原则。借鉴域外法治经验,按照内设机构设置三分模式改革,对于领导决策机构,重点是完善检察委员会的决策机制;对于综合管理机构,建议参考国家行政机关大部制改革模式,大幅压缩机构数量;对于业务办理机构,根据检察权分解,科学界定部门权限,按照诉讼规律适度整合职能,精简机构。     

Legitimacy and institutional purpose

ABSTRACT

Institutions undertake a huge variety of constitutive purposes. One of the roles of legitimacy is to protect and promote an institution’s pursuit of its purpose; state legitimacy is generally understood as the right to rule, for example. When considering legitimacy beyond the state, we have to take account of how differences in purposes change legitimacy. I focus in particular on how differences in purpose matter for the stringency of the standards that an institution must meet in order to be legitimate. An important characteristic of an institution’s purpose is its deontic status, i.e. whether it is morally impermissible, merely permissible, or mandatory. Although this matters, it does so in some non-obvious ways; the mere fact of a morally impermissible purpose is not necessarily delegitimating, for example. I also consider the problem of conflicting, multiple, and contested institutional purposes, and the different theoretical roles for institutional purpose. Understanding how differences in purpose matter for an institution’s legitimacy is one part of the broader project of theorizing institutional legitimacy in the many contexts beyond the traditional context of the state.