西方公共管理与公共行政研究述要--兼及对中国公共行政体制改革的影响

近年来,国内外学者围绕公共管理和公共行政理论的流变、新公共管理范式的内涵及其特征、中国公共行政体制改革的路径及模式选择等诸多问题进行了广泛深入的探讨,该文系这一讨论的学术综述.     

Preliminary Observations on the Ability of Hyperspectral Imaging to Provide Detection and Visualization of Bloodstain Patterns on Black Fabrics

Abstract: The analysis of bloodstain patterns can assist investigators in understanding the circumstances surrounding a violent crime. Bloodstains are routinely subjected to pattern analysis, which is inherently dependent upon the ability of the examiner to locate and visualize bloodstain patterns on items of evidence. Often, the ability to properly visualize bloodstain patterns is challenging, especially when the stain patterns occur on dark and/or patterned substrates. In this study, preliminary research was performed to better understand how near‐infrared reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) could be used to observe bloodstain patterns on commonly encountered black fabrics. The ability of HSI to visualize latent bloodstains on several commonly encountered substrates is demonstrated. The images acquired through HSI are of sufficient quality to allow for differentiation between stains produced from an impact mechanism or a transfer mechanism. This study also serves as a proof of concept in the differentiation of multiple staining materials. Because of its ability to generate spectral data, the data provide a preliminary separation of stains where more than one type of stain existed.     

Physical components of soft-tissue ballistic wounding and their involvement in the generation of blood backspatter*

Gunshot backspatter comprises biological material expelled backward through bullet entry holes. Crime scene investigators analyze backspatter patterns to infer wounding circumstances. An understanding of the mechanism of backspatter generation, and the relationship between spatter patterns and bullet and tissue characteristics, would enhance the predictive value of such analysis. We examined soft-tissue ballistic wounding responses to determine the underlying components and how these might be relevant to the generation of backspatter. We identified five mechanistic components to ballistic wounding (elastic, viscous, crushing, cutting, and thermal), each related to mechanical disciplines (respectively, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, fracture mechanics, rheology, and thermodynamics). We identified potential roles for these five components in backspatter formation and provide a scenario whereby a sequence of events incorporating these components could lead to backspatter generation and expulsion. This research provides a framework for the mathematical representation, and subsequent computational predictive modeling, of backspatter generation and pattern formation.     

法律人格问题的比较分析

不同文化中的认知模式对法律人格制度的形成具有潜在影响。无论是古代社会还是近现代社会 ,中西方在法律人格问题上呈现出不同的特点。就目前而言 ,我国不仅面临抽象人格制度建构上的难题 ,还面临着紧迫的“具体人”的问题。我国的“具体人”问题非由市场造成。     

城市外来少数民族文化适应的三层面分析模式--以深圳"中国民俗文化村"员工为例

本文在田野调查资料的基础上,描述了深圳中国民俗文化村的少数民族员工在物质维度、制度维度和精神维度的文化适应状况,提出了适用于文化适应研究领域的三维分析模式.文章认为,在面对纷繁复杂的文化适应现象时,三维分析模式能为研究者提供一个层次分明的观察基点.     

创造性的侦查思维 --论侦查假说的提出

侦查假说的提出是一种创造性的思维过程.侦查活动的目的是实现案件的最终侦破,在这个过程中,侦查假说的正确与否决定着整个侦查工作的成败.通常认为,侦查活动就是围绕侦查假说而展开的推理和论证的过程,因此,如何准确地提出侦查假说,并围绕其展开正确的推理和论证,就成为每个侦查人员必须研究、掌握的知识.     

Measuring the Rarity of Fingerprint Patterns in the Dutch Population Using an Extended Classification Set

Latent print examiners often use their experience and knowledge to reach a conclusion on the identity of the source. Their conclusion is primarily based on their personal opinion on the rarity of the matching fingerprint features. Fingerprint patterns, if present, can play a significant role in the final assessment of a match. The authors believe that statistical data on the rarity of fingerprint patterns strengthens the subjective evaluation of the corresponding information. In order to provide fingerprint examiners with additional numerical support, fingerprint patterns were manually classified in a set of 24,104 fingerprints. In this study the frequencies of occurrence of 35 different fingerprint patterns have been obtained. The frequency data presented in this study can be used in the ACE‐V process applied in forensic casework, allowing for the assessment of the evidential strength related to a specific fingerprint pattern type.     

An Assessment of the Skeletal Fracture Patterns Resulting from Fatal High (˃3 m) Free Falls

The injury patterns resulting from fatal high (?3 m) free falls have previously been documented in clinical and medico‐legal contexts; however, details relating specifically to the skeletal blunt force trauma (BFT) have been limited. This study aimed to augment what is known of the skeletal fracture patterns resulting from fatal high free falls. Skeletal trauma was analyzed from full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of 95 individuals who died following a high free fall. Fracture patterns were documented using the five general anatomical regions, axial and appendicular regions, and postcranial unilateral and bilateral regions. Patterns were analyzed in the context of the extrinsic and intrinsic variables that may influence fractures using multiple logistic regression. Fracture patterns involved all aspects of the skeleton, with 98.9% exhibiting polytrauma, and were influenced primarily by the height fallen, manner of death, and landing surface. This improved understanding of fracture patterns will augment anthropological interpretations of the mechanism of BFT in cases of suspected high falls.     

论现代罪犯教育改造模式的构建

教育改造是对罪犯再犯罪的一种预防,是改造罪犯的根本措施和手段,也是执行刑罚的目的所在。随着监企分设体制的确立、实施,构建符合现代刑罚需要的教育改造的理论体系、教育改造的实施体系是当务之急。罪犯教育改造模式,是在一定的理论指导下建立起来的较稳定的教育活动结构框架和活动程序,它既是教育改造理论的具体化,又是教育改造经验的一种系统概括。     

我国新型农村合作医疗筹资问题研究

资金是制约合作医疗发展的瓶颈。农村合作医疗几十年的起伏跌宕，都突出表现在资金问题上。为确保新型农村合作医疗制度可持续发展，必须从我国的实际国情出发，不断探索和完善稳定、高效、便捷、持续的筹资思路和办法。