中国模式、中国经验及其启示

中国经济高速发展带来了令世人称羡的“中国模式”，同时，中国模式馈赠世人以“中国经验”。反思和总结中国模式及其经验，对于继续推进我国经济、政治、文化和社会的发展都具有非常深刻的启示。     

新加坡公共服务学院的办学情况及启示

新加坡公共服务学院的培训模式以问题导向、需求导向、能力导向、市场导向为特色。这种培训模式能针对不同对象的特点,进行分级分类培训,培训方法灵活多样,注重实效,实行的是开放竞争的师资聘用机制。针对目前的干部教育趋势,中国井冈山干部学院要提高其在干部教育培训大格局中的核心竞争力,就要在师资选聘、教学管理等方面借鉴新加坡公共服务学院的经验。     

调查研究的楷模--江泽民同志1998年-2000年调查研究回顾

江泽民总书记在近几年来,多次深入工厂、农村、学校、科技等部门调查研究,并就国企改革、党的建设、科教兴国、农村发展发表了许多重要讲话.     

论我国刑罚执行监督制度

刑事司法活动中,刑罚执行作为侦查、起诉和审判的后续司法活动,在法学界和实务界并未引起足够的重视。刑罚执行监督在法律监督体系中也面临同样的尴尬。理论储备的不足和刑事司法的行政化,使刑罚执行监督制度明显不能适应现代刑事司法体制的需要。一个完善、合理、可操作的刑罚执行监督制度是保障刑事裁判得以完整、科学、公正、规范执行的关键,也是维护罪犯合法权益的最有效的司法途径。     

西欧警务考察与思考

欧洲是现代警察制度的发源地,它的警察管理体制与现代警务模式影响遍及世界许多国家。按照警察组织管理的集中与分散程度划分类型,西欧国家警务大体可以分为三个类型,各国警务各有其特点,值得我们学习借鉴。     

Classification of Porcine Cranial Fracture Patterns Using a Fracture Printing Interface,,

Distinguishing between accidental and abusive head trauma in children can be difficult, as there is a lack of baseline data for pediatric cranial fracture patterns. A porcine head model has recently been developed and utilized in a series of studies to investigate the effects of impact energy level, surface type, and constraint condition on cranial fracture patterns. In the current study, an automated pattern recognition method, or a fracture printing interface (FPI), was developed to classify cranial fracture patterns that were associated with different impact scenarios documented in previous experiments. The FPI accurately predicted the energy level when the impact surface type was rigid. Additionally, the FPI was exceedingly successful in determining fractures caused by skulls being dropped with a high‐level energy (97% accuracy). The FPI, currently developed on the porcine data, may in the future be transformed to the task of cranial fracture pattern classification for human infant skulls.     

Passive Drip Stain Formation Dynamics of Blood onto Hard Surfaces and Comparison with Simple Fluids for Blood Substitute Development and Assessment,

The spreading dynamics of blood dripping onto hard surfaces is compared to two spreading models. Samples of human blood, porcine blood, and Millipore^® water were dripped onto cardboard, foamcore, and glass surfaces in low velocity passive drip simulations. Final stain diameter, the total number of spines and scallops, and angle of impact were measured and analyzed. Spreading is best predicted by applying the concept of effective viscosity to the Scheller and Bousfield (R² = 0.91) and Roisman (R² = 0.89) spreading models. In the tested conditions, blood spreads with Newtonian tendencies; however, has quantifiable differences in stain appearance to Newtonian fluids like water. This is encouraging for the development of water‐based fluids as synthetic blood substitutes (SBSs). The work presents an assessment platform to quantify and score the performance of simple water‐based fluids using final stain diameter (6 points) and number of spines and scallops (6 points) at six dripping heights between 20 and 120 cm. The angle of impact of a stain alone is not a sensitive measure of SBS performance, but stain formation scores the SBS's performance with another 1 point. Together these features generate a quantitative relative ranking system, of a maximum possible 13 points, that can be used to support the use of a particular fluid for the creation of a drip stain. The performance of twenty simple fluids in the simulated dripping assessment test is described.     

Analyzing the Dynamics and Morphology of Cast‐off Pattern at Different Speed Levels Using High‐speed Digital Video Imaging

During a bloodstain pattern analysis, one of the essential tasks is to distinguish between different kinds of applied forces as well as to estimate their level of intensity. In this study, high‐speed digital imaging has been used to analyze the formation of cast‐off patterns generated by a simulated backswing with a blood‐bearing object. For this purpose, 0.5 mL blood was applied evenly over the last 5 cm of a blade simulant. Bloodstains were created through the controlled acceleration of a backswing at different speed levels between 1.1 m/sec and 3.8 m/sec. The flight dynamics of blood droplets were captured with an Olympus^® i‐Speed 3 high‐speed digital camera with a Nikon^® AF Nikkor 50 mm f/1.8 D lens and analyzed using the Olympus i‐Speed 3 Viewer software. The video analysis showed that, during the backswing, blood droplets would move toward the lower end of the knifepoint and would be tangentially thrown off. These droplets impacted on the horizontal surface according to the arc of the swing. An increase in velocity led to longer cast‐off patterns with distinct morphological characteristics. Under laboratory conditions, bloodstain pattern analysis allows certain conclusions about the intensity of a backswing and provides instructions on the position of the offender. However, due to the number of unknown variables at a crime scene, such interpretation of cast‐off patterns is extremely limited and should be performed with extreme caution.     

Quantitative Differentiation of Bloodstain Patterns Resulting from Gunshot and Blunt Force Impacts

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) provides significant evidentiary value in crime scene interpretation and reconstruction. In this work, we develop a quantitative methodology using digital image analysis techniques to differentiate impact bloodstain patterns. The bloodstain patterns were digitally imaged and analyzed using image analysis algorithms. Our analysis of 72 unique bloodstain patterns, comprising more than 490,000 individual droplet stains, indicates that the mean drop size in a gunshot spatter pattern is at most 30% smaller than the mean drop stain size in blunt instrument patterns. In contrast, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the droplet stains—their density as a function of position in the pattern—significantly differs between gunshot and blunt instrument patterns, with densities as much as 400% larger for gunshot impacts. Thus, quantitative metrics involving the spatial distribution of droplet stains within a bloodstain pattern can be useful for objective differentiation between blunt instrument and gunshot bloodstain patterns.     

Alteration of the Death Scene After Self‐stabbing: A Case of Sharp Force Suicide Disguised by the Victim as a Homicide?

This paper reports a case of a 72‐year‐old woman who was found dead in her bedroom with a 4 cm vertical stab wound in the abdomen. A bloodstained knife was found in the top drawer of her bedside table. The clothes worn by the victim showed no damage. A bloodstained vest and a sweater with frontal incisions were found far from the victim, in the bathroom and in the bedroom respectively. Several bloodstains were found in every room of the apartment. The evidence found during the forensic examination and, in particular, the Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, led the investigators to determine the manner of death, being consistent with a suicide with a long‐lasting physical activity after self‐stabbing. This report describes an unusual case of “disguised suicide,” in which the victim tried to cover‐up the suicide by changing her clothes and concealing the weapon, in the last minutes of her life.