“十四五”及更长一段时期高校毕业生等青年劳动力供需趋势研究

青年劳动力的供给与需求情况是分析青年就业问题的关键。研究使用第七次全国人口普查数据、《中国劳动统计年鉴》数据和《中国教育统计年鉴》数据,对“十四五”及更长一段时期我国青年劳动力供给和分行业的新增劳动力需求情况进行了分析。研究发现：2010年以来,我国高校毕业生数量呈现扩张趋势,供给不断增加;预测结果显示,从当前到2035年,我国劳动力市场将面临供大于求的非均衡态势,特别是高校毕业生数量增多和扩招积压效应叠加,高校毕业生等青年群体就业压力将进一步凸显。研究建议,可以从增强人岗匹配度、优化就业条件、加强就业帮扶、积极引导青年投身乡村振兴等4个方面化解供给冲击和结构矛盾,促进广大高校毕业生等青年群体实现高质量充分就业。     

浅议促进城乡发展体一化

城乡发展一体化,是我国工业化、城镇化和农业现代化发展的现实要求。目前,以城乡二元经济结构为主的体制、较低的城镇化发展水平、农村产业不合理结构、差距明显的城乡基础设施建设以及政策制度的缺陷影响了城乡发展一体化,因此,应以促进城乡农业经营、城乡基础设施建设和公共服务、城乡建设与管理一体化为路径,加快促进城乡发展一体化。     

新世纪社会思潮对我国青年影响的特点

进入21世纪以来,改革的不断深入带来了人们生活方式、思维方式的巨大变化,新的社会思潮对人们特别是青年产生重要的影响,表现出新的特点:从形式看更显露时尚性;从内容上看更关注主体性;从层次上看更趋于一致性;从性质上看更具有隐蔽性的新特点。     

论青年价值观与社会主义核心价值体系的一致性

社会主义核心价值体系之所以能成为引导青年价值观的形成和发展的根本指针，是因为两者具有本质上的一致性。这种一致性是在承认两者存在差别基础上的辨证的统一，统一于三个基本价值支点：强调主体自主意识、反映社会主义市场经济发展的要求和体现人的全面发展。     

Theoretical Connotation and Practical Direction of the Chinese Youth’s Historical Mission in the New Era

Since modern times, in the historical process of national liberation, Chinese youths have dared to shoulder the historical mission and made outstanding contributions in the history of modern China. Inheriting the historical mission entrusted by the predecessors and carrying the ideal of the Chinese people in pursuit of a better life, the contemporary Chinese youth is becoming a force that cannot be ignored in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the unprecedented material conditions and institutional advantages, only through “establishing lofty ideals”, “raising courage to struggle” and “practicing excellent skills” can the unity of ideality and reality be realized. Only by “loving the great motherland”, “taking the responsibility of the times”,and “refining moral character” can the unification of personal and social values be realized. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, with the continuous improvement of China's educational system, under the guidance of the socialist core value system, Chinese youths in the new era have begun to show patriotism, determination, diligence, moral cultivation, innovation, and pragmatism.This will certainly promote the contemporary youth to gradually grow into talents who can adhere to their ideals and keep pace with the times.     

Seen or Unseen? The Role of Race in Police Contact among Homeless Youth

Homeless youth are at an increased risk of police contact—being stopped by police and arrested, yet it is less clear if this interaction is patterned by race. The current study draws on diverse scholarship to examine three possible effects of race on homeless youths’ interaction with police: that non-White homeless youth are more likely (disproportionate minority contact/symbolic assailants), less likely (out-of-place policing) or no different than White youth (master status) to experience police contact. Using the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Homeless Adolescents, we examine homeless youths’ odds of self-reported police harassment and arrest. Non-White homeless youth are more likely to report police harassment and arrest, but living on the street neutralizes these racial disparities. Further, prior police harassment is linked to subsequent arrest, operating similarly for White and non-White homeless youth. We discuss the implications of these findings for advancing scholarship on the challenges faced by homeless youth.     

Target congruence theory and Latino youth victimization

While a number of studies have found that immigrant youth are less likely to engage in delinquency, they are more likely to report victimization. Scholars have traditionally attributed this finding to American cultural norms that may generate marginalization and culture conflict that, in return, increases the likelihood of victimization. However, few studies have applied victimization theories to this study population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply Target Congruence Theory to test its capability to explain victimization among Latino youth. Data collected from the Dating Violence Among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) Study shows that a target’s vulnerability, gratifiability, and antagonism modestly predicted their victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.     

‘Vulnerable by law (but not by nature)’: examining perceptions of youth and childhood ‘vulnerability’ in the context of police custody

This paper, drawing upon qualitative data produced through interviews with custody officers (COs) at two custody suites in England, examines how the vulnerability of children and young people is conceptualised generally, within the criminal process, and then, more specifically, in police custody. It uses the appropriate adult (AA) safeguard under Code C to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 as the point of reference and explores, firstly, how childhood is conceptualised and, secondly, how childhood vulnerability is understood by COs. The responses of COs are perhaps indicative of a wider issue within the criminal process – the construction of youth and childhood and, accordingly, the criminal law response to children and young people. Within this paper, whilst it is accepted that childhood and vulnerability are non-static concepts, it is nevertheless contended that children and young people are vulnerable, particularly when facing the criminal process.     

Transitional narratives of identity among ethnic minority youth gangs in Denmark: from collectivism to individualism

Current literature often depicts the street cultures of ethnic minority youth as forms of collective cultural resistance to experiences of marginalization from mainstream society. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews in 2014 with 23 young men attached to a rehabilitation centre for criminal offenders in Denmark, this article focuses on ethnic minority youth who desist from such street culture and their former gang life, criminality and drug use and how they describe this shift within their narratives. More specifically, we show how this shift can to some extent be characterized by a move from collective to more individualistic self-narratives re-articulating broader individualistic discourses existing in contemporary society. Among these more individualistic self-narratives, we find extensive reference to ideas of self-responsibility and also individual pragmatic interpretations of Islam. Such re-articulations can be seen as a way to create feelings of agency in severely disempowering circumstances.