截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的常规战术研究

在截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的行动过程中,警察往往处于“敌暗我明”的现场状态,行动中具有较强的对抗性和较大的危险性,因此要求警员在临战中应保持高度的警惕性。必须坚持“有备无患,攻防结合”的临战处置原则,牢固树立“依法、合理、有效使用武器”的指导思想。为严厉打击违法犯罪,尽可能保证警察自身安全,民警应养成严谨规范的执法行为,始终坚持“宁可信其有,不可信其无”的原则(这里“有”指犯罪行为并有加害警察的可能),民警在执行车辆查控的警务活动当中,在思想上应时刻提醒自己——“接近嫌疑目标就意味着危险的开始”,要克服恃勇轻进、尚勇轻谋、冒险蛮干的轻敌麻痹思想,努力做到有勇有谋、沉着应战。     

Regulating human control over autonomous systems

In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy of human control, according to which humans should execute a certain significant level of judgment over AS. While in the military sector there is a fear that AS could mean that humans lose control over life and death decisions, in the transportation domain, on the contrary, there is a strongly held view that autonomy could bring significant operational benefits by removing the need for a human driver. This article explores the notion of human control in the United States in the two domains of defense and transportation. The operationalization of emerging policies of human control results in the typology of direct and indirect human controls exercised over the use of AS. The typology helps to steer the debate away from the linguistic complexities of the term “autonomy.” It identifies instead where human factors are undergoing important changes and ultimately informs about more detailed rules and standards formulation, which differ across domains, applications, and sectors.     

视频方法鉴定车速的准确性研究

目的通过实验研究用视频方法鉴定车速结果的准确性及其影响因素。方法在选定的实验场地上,让实验车辆以一定速度匀速通过一段距离,使用高空、垂直、斜角和车载四个位置的摄像机同时录制,将车速计算结果进行比较。结果理论和实验数据分析表明,误差的大小主要取决于:车速和帧速率,车体上参考点和路上参考点的对齐效果,还有行车距离的大小和播放器屏幕的大小等。结论用视频方法进行车速鉴定,相对于传统的用力学公式进行计算,其准确性和可信度较好;一般条件下,误差可在5%~10%之间估算;夜晚条件下,可在车灯的轮廓线上选择车体上参考点,炫目情况除外。     

Toxicological Findings in Fatal Motor Vehicle Collisions in Ontario,Canada: A One‐Year Study

Drug‐impaired driving is a complex area of forensic toxicology due in part to limited data concerning the type of drugs involved and the concentrations detected. This study analyzed toxicological findings in drivers from fatal motor vehicle collisions (FMVCs) in Ontario, Canada, over a one‐year period using a standardized protocol. Of the 229 cases included in the study, 56% were positive for alcohol and/or drugs. After alcohol, cannabis was the most frequently encountered substance (27%), followed by benzodiazepines (17%) and antidepressants (17%). There were differences in drugs detected by age but no marked difference in drugs detected between single and multiple FMVC's. Not all drugs detected were considered impairing either due to drug type, concentration or case history. The findings indicate the importance of comprehensive drug testing in FMVCs and highlight the need to consider a variety of factors, in addition to drug type and concentration, when assessing the role of drugs in driving impairment.     

Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures in Skeletonized Human Remains

Pelvic ring fractures are associated with high rates of mortality and thus can provide key information about circumstances surrounding death. These injuries can be particularly informative in skeletonized remains, yet difficult to diagnose and interpret. This study adapted a clinical system of classifying pelvic ring fractures according to their resultant degree of pelvic stability for application to gross human skeletal remains. The modified Tile criteria were applied to the skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México that displayed evidence of pelvic injury. Because these categories are tied directly to clinical assessments concerning the severity and treatment of injuries, this approach can aid in the identification of manner and cause of death, as well as interpretations of possible mechanisms of injury, such as those typical in car-to-pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents.     

网约车行业治安管控探究

随着互联网行业的迅速发展,一种以互联网为基础的互联网+经济发展方式迅速崛起,并且深深的影响了每一个人的生活。而最近兴起的网络约车服务也依托互联网平台,这种新型的专车服务方式不仅价格划算而且也为群众的出行提供了便利。然而,新生事物的产生和发展总是具有两面性,在给群众生活带来巨大便利的同时也带来了不少的治安隐患,这就需要公安部门采取相应的管控措施去解决这些问题,保证网约车行业健康有序的发展。     

“车辆碰瓷”行为的定性分析——以一则典型案例为视角

“车辆碰瓷”行为由于具有严重的社会危害性,理应属于刑事法律调整的范畴。在刑事法的视野下,“车辆碰瓷”行为作为当今新型犯罪现象,对其究竟应该如何定性,值得我们深究。根据“车辆碰瓷”行为手段方式与作案时空的特殊性,结合现有刑法理论中的罪数理论,“车辆碰瓷”行为应该构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪和敲诈勒索罪两罪。实行数罪并罚。     

过饱和下干线红波控制研究

过饱和状态下,干线车辆排队现象严重,道路空间资源紧张,必要时应对干线沿线交叉口进行红波控制,避免交叉口死锁和拥堵扩散。首先分析了过饱和以及过饱和下的交通特性,然后运用交通波理论分析了交叉口的车辆排队现象,在此基础上研究了过饱和下干线红波控制方法与主要参数确定。     

基于单车事故车速鉴定的取证技术

车速鉴定正成为道路交通事故司法鉴定的重要项目。单车事故由于其特殊性往往简单化处理。单车事故主要类型包括碰撞护栏、侧翻与坠崖等。单车事故车速鉴定原理主要是基于能量守恒定律。在分析三类事故常用鉴定计算公式基础上,对其取证要点进行了探究,包括护栏变形、车辆变形、圆周运动半径、坠车飞行距离等测量。并指出其他事故现场痕迹物证要素的测量对于车速鉴定可以起到辅助佐证的作用。     

The labor of surveillance and bureaucratized killing: new subjectivities of military drone operators

As the military's armed surveillance drones have become the iconic weapon of the early twenty-first century, they have also introduced radical transformations in the traditional labor of those who operate them – the pilots, crew, analysts, and commanders. In so doing, these transformations have engendered new kinds of subjectivity, with new ways of experiencing the work of surveillance and killing. This paper investigates the nature of these new subjectivities, how they are constructed through new technologies that combine surveillance with remote agency, the bureaucratization of killing, and the psychological implications for operators. It examines how scientific management strategies from Taylorism to business process re-engineering have contributed to reconstituting the subjectivity of drone pilots and sensor operators through decomposing their labor practices and reconstituting them within professionalized careers and technological systems of supervision and management. It also looks at how the decisions to use lethal force are themselves decomposed and distributed among individuals designated as responsible agents within the chain-of-command. In light of the creation of these new subjectivities, the paper examines the psychological stress experienced by those who occupy these new subject positions through an examination of several recent military studies, journalistic accounts, and a recent short film based upon an interview with a drone pilot, Omer Fast's 5,000 Feet is the Best (2011).