Motor Vehicle Occupants,Neck Injuries,and Seat Belt Utilization: A 5‐Year Study of Fatalities in New York City

Abstract: Despite the implementation of numerous safety devices in automobiles, vehicular occupant fatalities following collisions remain common. We reviewed all fatalities of vehicular occupants in New York City over a 5‐year period on whom autopsies were performed (437) to determine the incidence of neck injuries and correlate them with seat belt utilization; 26.5% had neck injuries (mild to severe) and only 10.3% of these occupants were confirmed to be wearing seatbelts. Of those that had documentation of seat belt utilization there were twice as many neck injuries in the unbelted group. We highlight two cases of submarining with severe neck injuries that were related to automatic 2‐point shoulder harness restraints without engagement of the lap belt.     

交通肇事罪的主体范围研究

交通肇事罪的主体要件仍有一些具体问题值得研究。非机动车驾驶人可以成为本罪的主体,在判断时应当以行为人是否是在实行公共交通管理的范围驾驶非机动车为标准。司法解释肯定了单位主管人员、机动车辆所有人或者承包人的交通肇事罪的主体资格,司法实践中应予正确适用。指使者指使肇事人逃逸,致使被害人因得不到救助而死亡的,不能以交通肇事罪中的共犯论处,而是应当以包庇罪定罪;如果是指令肇事者将受害人转移到他人不容察觉、无法救助的地方,致使受害人得不到救助而死亡的,则与肇事逃逸者构成故意杀人罪的共犯。     

Recreational Sporting Activity Vehicle‐Related Deaths

Deaths occurring in the setting of nonprofessional, vehicle‐related, recreational sporting activities occurring on land or in water during warm or winter months represent a diverse group of cases. These deaths tend to involve scenarios where the participants are purposefully attempting to enjoy themselves prior to experiencing sudden, catastrophic accidents resulting in lethal outcomes. Ultimately, many of the deaths are related to the high speed at which these vehicle‐related activities normally occur. Three broad categories of factors may play contributory roles in death: human factors, vehicle factors, and environmental factors. A series of selected cases are presented, representing examples of varying activity types, involving motorized and nonmotorized vehicles, land and water activities, and warm weather and cold weather environments. For each case, the various human, vehicle and environmental factors believed to be contributory to the accident are considered, and strategies for prevention of these and similar deaths involving recreational sporting vehicles are presented.     

北京市机动车排放控制管理实践

为实现城市交通与环境可持续发展,就要在满足交通需求的同时,尽力减少机动车污染排放,减少能源消耗.控制机动车排放污染,改善城市环境空气质量,需要采取综合的对策与措施.就北京市近年来在控制机动车排放污染方面采取的对策、措施、效果及存在问题等,做一简要介绍与分析.     

机动车责任强制保险受害第三人范围探析

机动车责任强制保险制度体现于不同领域和不同层次的法律法规之中，该制度以其科学的设置和具体的操作规则，大大促进了受害人权益的保护。但该制度中对受害第三人范围如何界定还存在争议，该争议直接影响到保险人责任的承担以及受害人利益的保护，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。机动车责任强制保险制度的法律价值影响着受害第三人的法律定位，国外有关机动车责任强制保险受害第三人的立法是完善和改进我国该项制度设置的重要参考，以受害第三人与车上人员的身份界定为基础的机动车责任强制保险中的受害第三人的范围应适当扩大。     

“醉酒型”危险驾驶罪客观方面的基本问题

危险驾驶罪的设立有效制止了我国醉驾高发态势,获得了良好的法律效果和社会效果。但是,危险驾驶罪在司法实践中也凸显了不少实际问题和困惑。在"醉酒型"危险驾驶罪客观方面认定时,对醉酒的标准应当采取客观标准,而不是主观标准;驾驶行为是指行为人基于运行机动车的意思而发动机动车引擎或实际运行机动车;超标电动车应列入机动车的范围;道路的基本特点是区域公共性和车辆通行性,生活小区内的类似道路应归属于危险驾驶罪中的道路。     

重点车辆安全监管模式比较研究

重点车辆主要包括运营客货车辆、危险化学物品运输车辆、校车等,对重点车辆进行监管的方式好坏,直接影响着交通的安全。目前,重点车辆的监管模式主要有基于汽车行驶记录仪、基于GPS/GPRS、基于RFID三种模式,但这三种模式又各有利弊,因此,必须将这三种监管模式扬长避短,以寻求一种更科学合理、安全高效的监管模式。     

划损机动车案件的工具痕迹初探

鉴于目前使用硬物划损机动车的案件日益增多，文章收集了大量此类案件的资料，并通过实验方式，归纳了几种较为常见的作案工具痕迹特征，为分析判断作案工具提供参考，同时通过工具痕迹进一步分析刻画犯罪嫌疑人的行为特征与人身特点。     

汽车垃圾的资源化管理

汽车垃圾是城市重要的污染物。文章综合介绍了国外汽车垃圾资源化途径，提出了对我国汽车垃圾再循环利用的建议，以达到汽车垃圾污染治理的目的。     

小区车辆被盗的法律责任分析

业主停在小区内的私家车损坏或被盗,小区的物业管理公司是否要承担责任,依据《物业管理条例》和《合同法》的有关规定,应根据实际情况区别对待。如果根据双方约定或者实际情况可以推定双方成立保管关系以及物业公司存在过错的情况下,物业公司需要承担赔偿责任,否则,物业公司只承担管理不到位的责任。