论监所线人与刑事冤案:域外经验与本土建构

监所线人制度乃现代社会中的必要之恶。监所线人证言与一般证人证言相比具有内在的不可靠性,故需谨慎采用,否则容易造成冤狱。美国和加拿大均有类似的惨痛经历,因此近些年进行了司法改革。我国也面临类似问题,有必要借鉴域外经验改革完善:一方面要高度重视监所线人证言,不与普通证人证言等同视之;另一方面须完善审查机制,确立假定不可信规则与补强规则。此外,还应重视跨部门相关知识的培训。     

Modernisation and Political Management Arrangements: The Case of Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council

In the United Kingdom the Labour government has placed considerable emphasis on the need to modernise public services. In the case of local government, Labour's belief in the need for modernisation has resulted in radical measures to change local authorities' political management arrangements designed, in part, to achieve greater efficiency, transparency and accountability. In its response to the Labour government's agenda, Redcar &; Cleveland Borough Council established interim political management arrangements in May 2000 prior to the establishment of permanent arrangements. The permanent arrangements were to be decided upon following public consultation and a review of the interim arrangements. This article reports the outcomes and, in doing so, provides evidence of the impact of Labour's measures to achieve change in local government.     

孤证规则的内在逻辑与制度构成——基于“印证证明模式”展开的论证

孤证规则的内在机理，是通过多个证据的相互印证确保刑事诉讼中事实认定的准确性，是对自由心证的有益补充。在明确“孤证不能定案”原则的基础上，孤证规则的构成包括两部分内容。一是孤证的认定标准。孤证，是指证明案件核心事实的证据只有一个，孤证既可以是言词证据也可以是实物证据。孤证的判断是实质判断，其标准是证据的信息来源是否同一。二是孤证不能定案的例外。包括“因待证事实证明标准降低而设置的例外”和“基于经验法则而设置的例外”，前者适用于对程序性事实、非要件事实、量刑事实的证明，后者则包括完整记录犯罪行为的录音录像、遗留在隐蔽位置的生物组织、证明被告人案发时唯一在场的证据等。     

纪检监察机构垂直管理思考

要真正发挥纪检监察机构在反腐败中的监督作用,实行纪检监察机构体制的垂直管理不失为当前反腐败工作的一项有益探索和成功尝试。我国现行的纪检监察机构体制存在诸多弊端,缺乏相对的独立性和权威性;监督主体与监督客体意识淡薄。探索我国纪检监察机构体制垂直管理的思路,必需运用马克思主义哲学观点;结合我国改革开放发展市场经济、实行宏观调控和宏观管理的成功经验;借鉴资本主义三权分立以及一些国家监察机构独立垂直、制衡的合理性。     

论我国反腐败刑事政策

当前我国腐败犯罪呈现高发、频发态势,惩治和打击腐败犯罪尤为迫切。纵观世界各国,反腐败的有效途径是法治反腐,而法治反腐的最佳制度是国家刑事政策。但我国反腐败刑事政策存在层级不清、体系混乱、衔接不畅等问题,严重影响着预防和惩治腐败犯罪目标的实现。本文在分析我国腐败犯罪现状的基础上,明确反腐败刑事政策内涵,重新构建反腐败刑事政策体系,转变反腐败方式,尝试建构一套符合我国国情的反腐败模式。     

纵向政府组织博弈视角下的公共政策执行失灵探究

公共政策执行失灵主要由上下级政府之间的利益冲突而引发，围绕利益的博弈互动难以避免。本文从博弈视角深入权力的微观运行之中，指出上下级政府之间的单向垂直委托代理博弈的客观存在性，并分析其危害与成因。尝试性地提出双向委托代理博弈的创建路径，期盼能有效地规避政策执行失灵，提高政策效能，促进社会和谐。     

改进解供求弹性的线段法

以往教学中对于线段法解线性供求弹性,用图解很繁琐。由于纵轴和横轴法供求弹性的基本思想是用价格变动(P0/△P)和产量变动(△Q/Q0)来解弹性,故借此思想在纵轴法中寻求使Q1=0从而使△Q/Q0=1的条件,在横轴法中寻求在使P0/△P=1的条件,最终取而代之图解可以获得简洁的效果。     

The systemic error in the vertical component of handgun bullet trajectory reconstructions

Establishing the path or trajectory of a fired bullet is an often recurring part of shooting incident reconstruction. The current study describes how gravitational pull causes a systemic error on the vertical component of a trajectory reconstruction. Bullet drop, drop angle, and vertical offset are explained and calculated for 10 different handgun/ammunition combinations over a range of distances up to 100 m. The presented results are intended to provide forensic firearm examiners with a reference frame for the magnitude of error introduced on handgun bullet trajectory reconstructions over distance. Threshold values of 20 and 30 m are proposed as conservative distances up to where bullet trajectories can be modeled as straight lines with subsonic/transonic handgun bullets and with supersonic handgun bullets respectively. Both the bullet drop and vertical offset will be below 5 cm at these distances for those categories. The drop angle will be below 0.3°.     

Socioeconomic Inequality and Communal Conflict: A Disaggregated Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2008

This article examines the role of economic inequality in influencing the risk of armed conflict between communal groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that socioeconomic inequality can generate intergroup grievances, which, due to the exclusionary legitimacy of the African state and elite incentives to engage in competitive mobilization of communal groups, precipitate violent communal conflict. To examine this argument, we rely on a series of household surveys to construct subnational inequality measures. For each region, we calculate measures of inequality in terms of household welfare and education between individuals (vertical inequality) and between ethnic groups (horizontal inequality). Combining the inequality data with new georeferenced data on communal conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1990–2008, we find that regions with strong socioeconomic inequalities—both vertical and horizontal—are significantly more exposed to violent communal conflicts. More specifically, regions in which the largest ethnic group is severely disadvantaged compared to other groups are particularly prone to experience communal conflict.     

论中央与地方金融监管权配置之优化——以地方性影子银行的监管为视角

近年来,我国各类地方性影子银行的涌现及其引发的诸多地方金融风险事件,使完全依赖中央政府一己之力的垂直监管模式弊端凸现,地方金融监管的补充作用越发明显。长期以来,我国较关注金融监管权在中央部门间的横向配置,对其在中央与地方之间的纵向配置几无触及,导致地方金融监管权的实现只能端赖中央金融监管机构“一事一议”的规章、规范性文件乃至政策的授权方式,缺乏应有的正当性。地方金融办也因此“名不正、言不顺”,普遍存在职能错位、监管权被随意干预和监管资源配备不足等困境。是故,国家应尽早通过更高位阶的立法对“央地”金融监管权的配置加以优化,包括明晰“央地”金融监管边界,一揽子授予地方完整的金融监管权,设置相应的外部监督问责制度,并建立起以国家金融稳定发展委员会为主导的纵向金融监管协调机制,使两者形成监管合力,依法共治。