被害人责任法定化初探

被害互动理论揭示了被害人在犯罪进程中承担着事实责任,这种责任经规范评价后应该成为影响犯罪人定罪量刑的情节。司法实践不能承受之弊端呼唤着这一情节的法定化,理论和现行立法为其法定化提供了丰富的既有资源。被害人责任法定化应该走一条以刑法分则为基础,以刑法总则为总纲,以司法解释作为保障的渐进之路。     

欧洲恢复性司法概述：以比利时为视角

恢复性司法在欧洲的分布版图并不均匀,有些国家,如奥地利、比利时、芬兰等国在恢复性司法的研究和实务方面处于主导地位,但在法国、意大利、西班牙等国的推行并不理想。与大多数欧洲国家一样,比利时的恢复性司法的主要形式是刑事调解。其刑事调解项目启始于20世纪80年代末,从未成年人司法领域开始实践,尔后运用到成年人的轻微刑事案件中,最后推及到整个刑事程序并适用于任何案件。     

以提升文化自觉来抵制西方文化殖民主义

结束了东西方冷战之后,文化殖民主义成为当代殖民主义的重要体现。中国要抵制西方的文化殖民主义,必须提高自身文化自觉的力量,做到对内强化民族意识,重构社会主义核心价值观的话语体系;对外强化文化安全战略,有效地抵制西方的文化霸权。     

论未成年人附条件不起诉之完善——以比较法为视野

在诉讼法学理论以及司法实务经验总结的基础上,2012年刑事诉讼法在未成年人刑事案件诉讼程序中规定了附条件不起诉制度。这是起诉便宜主义的重要体现。针对立法上的不足之处,我国未成年人附条件不起诉制度的完善可以从与域外立法及实践尤其是澳门的"缓诉"与台湾地区的"缓起诉"制度中受到若干启发。     

论纯洁性建设视野下民主革命时期党的作风问题

理论与实际相结合是党的思想建设最重要的作风,坚持马克思主义中国化成为党优良思想作风的核心问题。思想作风不正,路线方针政策就会发生错误,革命必然遭受损失,党的纯洁性也就受到影响。密切联系人民群众是党的工作实践表现出的优良作风,领导中国革命的实践中,坚持群众路线成为党维护纯洁性的重要内容。加强和改进党的作风建设,核心问题是保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。发扬艰苦奋斗精神是干部和党员保持优良作风的要求,生活作风虽然是个人问题,但它对党的影响则不可小窥,生活作风对党的纯洁性维护具有重要意义。民主革命时期党开展作风建设留下的思想财富值得认真汲取,在新的历史条件下推进党的建设,必须高度重视党的作风纯洁问题。     

基层服务型党组织建设的区域化实践模式——基于苏南探索的案例分析

苏南在基层服务型党组织建设的区域化实践模式探索中,从党建理念、组织形式、活动方式和工作机制上形成了创新优势,并在拓展空间布局、整合党建资源、消除薄弱环节、促进融合提高、共建活动载体、发挥党员作用、完善运行机制、实现整体提升等方面取得了实践成效。但在探索中仍存在制约因素和深层次问题,需进一步优化发展路径。     

国资分类管理 破解监管难题

对国有资产作出科学分类,是实现党的十七大、十八大提出的完善各类国有资产管理体制的必要前提。其中,在一般分类的基础上如何择其可用、达到利于实践的效果,更值得关注和追问。科学地运用分类管理,旨在防止经营性国有资产监管的碎片化,推进国有资产监管新体制的全覆盖;推进国有经济平等参与市场竞争,提升产业集中度;进一步深入研究解决国资委管什么、如何管的问题。     

Comparing Sexuality,Aggressiveness, and Antisocial Behavior of Alleged Juvenile Sexual and Violent Offenders,

Sexual delinquency in juveniles is insufficiently explored in regard to the specificity of offender characteristics. The aim is to investigate relevant areas for juvenile sexual offending in a precourt, pretreatment group. Thirty‐two alleged juvenile sexual offenders (ASO) referred to by police were compared with 32 juvenile nonsexual violent offenders (VNO) on standardized measures of aggressiveness and psychopathology, antisocial behavior, substance use problems, and sexuality. Less externalizing disorders and antisocial behavior were found among the ASOs than among the VNOs. The ASO group was sexually less experienced, had less trust in their relationship abilities, fewer victimization experiences, and reported more sexual deviance, while pornography use and obscene calls were reported less often. Few juvenile sexual offenders had severe problems in the investigated areas. Including groups of offenders before court, treatment or incarceration in research appears crucial to understand the full spectrum of sexual deviance in youth and avoid misguidance due to selection factors.     

“被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪”之理解——兼与刘明祥教授商榷

如果体系性地考虑刑法总则关于共犯的规定以及分则关于拟制正犯的规定,就应该认为我国刑法对共同犯罪采用区分制而非单一正犯概念,共犯从属性说应该得到肯定。刑法第29条第2款规定的“被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪”,只能解释为教唆犯教唆他人犯罪,被教唆人已经着手实行犯罪,但没有达到既遂状态。如此解释既有助于维持共犯的实行从属性,坚持刑法客观主义,也不会放纵犯罪。对于教唆信息完全没有传递给被教唆人、被教唆人明确拒绝教唆、被教唆人虽接受教唆但尚未开始实施预备行为等情形,教唆行为对法益的危险仅仅停留在教唆者内心,不能成立非共同犯罪的教唆未遂。将上述教唆行为评价为教唆未遂,是对刑法第29条第2款的曲解,没有体系地解释刑法规范,有走向刑法主观主义的危险。     

Swedish rape offenders — a latent class analysis

Sweden has witnessed an increase in the rates of sexual crimes including rape. Knowledge of who the offenders of these crimes are is therefore of importance for prevention. We aimed to study characteristics of individuals convicted of rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape (abbreviated rape+), against a woman ≥18 years of age, in Sweden. By using information from the Swedish Crime Register, offenders between 15 and 60 years old convicted of rape+ between 2000 and 2015 were included. Information on substance use disorders, previous criminality and psychiatric disorders were retrieved from Swedish population-based registers, and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of rape+ offenders. A total of 3 039 offenders were included in the analysis. A majority of them were immigrants (n = 1 800; 59.2%) of which a majority (n = 1 451; 47.7%) were born outside of Sweden. The LCA identified two classes: Class A — low offending class (LOC), and Class B — high offending class (HOC). While offenders in the LOC had low rates of previous criminality, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders, those included in the HOC had high rates of previous criminality, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders. While HOC may be composed by more “traditional” criminals probably known by the police, the LOC may represent individuals not previously known by the police. These two separated classes, as well as our finding in regard to a majority of the offenders being immigrants, warrants further studies that take into account the contextual characteristics among these offenders.

Key points

• Rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape (rape+) are increasing in Sweden.
• The majority of those convicted of rape+ are immigrants.
• LCA identifies two classes of rape+ offenders: LOC and HOC.