ANALYSIS OF MEDIATION AGREEMENTS OF FAMILIES REPORTING SPECIFIC TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER ABUSE

The purpose of this study was to carefully measure Intimate Partner Abuse (IPA) behaviors among a large ( n  = 864 couples) sample of pairs of husbands and wives who were mandated to attend divorce mediation and then to: categorize the behaviors into theoretically-driven types of IPA, determine the number of cases screened out of mediation for any reason, and investigate whether measured outcomes of mediation (primary physical and legal custody) were related to IPA. Results indicated that rarely was IPA not reported—the most frequently reported IPA behavior was psychological abuse (98% of wives; 97% of husbands), followed by physical abuse (58% of wives; 54% of husbands), escalated physical abuse (62% of wives; 50% of husbands), and sexual intimidation, coercion and rape (56% of wives; 29% of husbands). Rarely were couples reporting IPA screened out of mediation (5%), and rarely were supervised parenting time or restrictions on contact between parents included in mediated agreements made by couples reporting IPA (6.5%). The overall level of IPA was unrelated to the specific terms of mediated agreements; however, by far the most frequent type of mediated agreement the couples' negotiated in mediation was for primary physical custody to go to the wife and for the husband and wife to have joint legal custody (59% of cases). Analysis of the implications of these findings and policy recommendations are included.     

论原始社会犯罪人赔偿制度

20世纪70年代开始至90年代,几乎所有西方国家都规定了罪犯赔偿制度。追溯罪犯赔偿历史,它是原始社会时期的一种犯罪治理手段,是犯罪的伴生现象。相较于今天的犯罪治理手段,它更注重个人身心、生活、行为和社会秩序的恢复。西方国家、伊斯兰社会和非洲、亚洲等的原始社会,都曾广泛采用罪犯赔偿制度。原始社会罪犯赔偿制度注重被害人的被害恢复,重视为避免社会冲突,要求罪犯承担弥补犯罪所造成的恶果的责任,同时也十分重视恢复社区安宁。这对于我们今天的犯罪治理有着重要的参考价值。     

检察机关适用刑事和解调研报告

刑事和解是近年来我国各地检察机关努力探索的一种新的刑事案件处理方式。虽然目前尚缺乏有关刑事和解的统一法律规定,但检察机关适用刑事和解的实践表明,各地在刑事和解的适用范围、条件、程序等方面都存在着共通性和相似性,从而为立法上确立刑事和解制度奠定了基础。但同时,各地检察机关在刑事和解适用的证据条件、调解主体的担任、辩护人及诉讼代理人对刑事和解的参与等方面仍存在不同认识,需要从理论上进一步加以研究解决。     

现代调解制度若干问题研究

现代调解制度循实践理性发展,在法律传统与其他相关因素的交互作用下形成了市场模式和司法模式两大调解类型。替代审判、当事人自治及恢复、转变社会关系是现代调解制度追求的共同目标。调解现代化进程中尚存在着脱离法律规制的趋势,为此,调解应被限制在合理的范围内,特别是对强制调解的扩张要保持应有的警惕。     

论物权的性质

物权的性质是物权这一民事权利区别于他项民事权利如债权的标志。从民法发展史上看,物权的性质既是一个历史的概念,也是一个实定法上的概念。物权的性质主要包括：权利人直接支配标的物;权利人直接支配标的物而享受其利益;是一种绝对性权利;是一种独占性或排他性的权利;是一种不可侵性的权利等等。研究物权的性质,对于正确理解我国《物权法》第2条第3款关于物权定义的规定具有指导意义。     

The Evolution of Balanced and Restorative Justice

Maloney, Armstrong, and Romig presented a portrait of “Joey,” who was the exemplar of what was wrong with the juvenile justice system, in 1988 when they published The Balanced Approach in this Journal. In response, they reimagined a juvenile justice system predicated on balancing three fundamental goals—protection of community, accountability to victims, and development of competencies to prepare juvenile court‐involved youth for productive roles in their communities. The authors examine the evolution of balanced and restorative justice and re‐imagine how Joey's life may have been different at critical junctures of his juvenile court involvement.     

Attitudes,Perceptions, and Preferences of Individuals from Temuco (Chile) About Denture Marking

Denture marking (DM) helps identify edentulous people with different methods. Analyzing perceptions and attitudes of denture wearers would enable understanding of the practical aspects, an analysis still absent in South America. Fifty‐three individual candidates for removable dentures were instructed on disaster victim identification (DVI) and the usefulness of DM for this purpose. They were physically shown eight DM systems and a questionnaire to which they responded by highlighting preferences in those systems. Although 98.11% did not know that dentures could be marked, only 9.43% denied interest in some type of DM. The 90.57% would mark their dentures with some system, preferring the inclusion of QR codes or a micro SIM card. The proven weaknesses of DVI and propensity for disaster mean this community in Chile is an opportunity to implement DM systems. Obstacles may come not from patients but from their dentists, educational institutions, or a lack of public policies.     

The Victim–Offender Overlap Behind Bars: Linking Prison Misconduct and Victimization

Despite a growing body of research on the victim–offender overlap, limited scholarship has examined this phenomenon in the context of the prison. This paper advances theory and scholarship on the victim–offender overlap and prison social order by examining linkages between prison misconduct and victimization. Examination of the overlap in the prison context extends the generality of the model and provides greater insight into the implications of the prison experience on behavior. This paper uses nationally representative data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities and bi-probit analyses to estimate whether the overlap exists within the prison setting and whether victimization and misconduct can be explained using the same theoretical framework. Findings suggest that common and unique risk factors exist for victimization and misconduct. Results have implications for theory, research, and policy related to understanding the relationship between victims and offenders and deviance in the prison setting.     

论公众共用自然资源

自然资源的范围大于自然资源资产或公众共用自然资源,即不是一切自然资源都是自然资源资产或公众共用自然资源。公众共用自然资源属于扩大了的财产的范畴,它不是排他性的财产、排他性的自然资源资产,而是非排他性的新型财产。将非排他性的公众共用自然资源与排他性的公共所有自然资源(包括排他性的国家所有自然资源和集体所有自然资源)混合在一起,容易抹杀两种不同性质的自然资源的根本区别,减少和损害公众共同享用自然资源的权益。为了正确处理自然资源资产与公众共用自然资源的关系,提出并阐明了8种确定公众共用自然资源(公众共用土地)的正当性依据和法律形式。     

著作权延伸性集体管理制度的中国化构建——以比较法为视角

源于北欧诸国著作权法上的著作权延伸性集体管理,将本由集体管理组织与使用者之间的作品使用合同依法延伸适用于非会员权利人。因该制度涵盖面广、可降低交易成本等显著特点,目前已成为世界各国解决数字化环境下作品海量使用授权问题的首选立法方案。我国《著作权法修订草案(送审稿)》引入了此项制度,但颇具争议。引入著作权延伸性集体管理制度符合我国国情,但需谨慎移植,删除《著作权法修订草案(送审稿)》第63条"其他方式"的表述,增加集体管理组织的通知义务;在第74条中增加,在非会员权利人起诉使用人侵权,法院判决使用人支付赔偿时,"集体管理组织应向使用人退还所收取的使用费"。