中国的基础设施建设援助与国际发展援助的“共生”——援助国产业结构差异的视角

发展与援助在二战后的制度化结合是现代援助体系诞生的标志,对外援助的道德属性被框定为帮助受援国实现发展。但在现实中,西方和中国常质疑彼此的援助道德动机,前者认为后者的基建援助是"新殖民主义"、"债务陷阱",后者认为前者的软性援助人员费过高、口惠而实不至、干涉他国内政。本文尝试在国际政治经济学框架下,将对外援助决策的规范建构与理性选择双重属性理论化,发掘一国产业结构与对外援助政策间的关联性,以解释西方与中国对外援助的特征差异和误解来源。概言之,发展通过中间变量产业结构可以分解出发展理念、发展资源和发展压力等作用机制,影响一国对外援助的部门分配,因而工业国倾向基础设施与生产性援助,第三产业国则偏好投放专业服务类援助。在全球价值链分工视野下,中国对外援助的偏好和结构具备合理性和正当性,不同援助方的发展援助既会产生竞争,也可互补共生,共同推动联合国"2030愿景"和新型全球治理的实现。     

论生态补偿制度的价值体系

法的价值是法之所以存在的逻辑原点,也是校正恶法、推进法治进步的指针。生态补偿制度的价值体系包括目的性价值和工具性价值。目的性价值是内在的灵魂,而工具性价值则是外在的形式。生态补偿制度的目的性价值包括环境公平、正义与秩序,其目的指向生态环境利益相关者之间实现利益的重构与平衡,并通过确立环境公平的优先位阶,实现生态利益的持续增加。在工具性价值中,确认性价值体现为以制度形式把生态补偿的目的性价值固定下来,使之具有法律的强制力;分配性价值体现为分配生态主体的权利和义务,从而实现权责对等的法治原则;而规范性价值则体现为生态补偿制度的实施机制。     

北京市工会干部队伍状况调查

当前首都发展进入新时代,首都工会工作面临产业结构、劳动关系、职工队伍等一系列深刻变化。工会干部作为工会工作的组织者、推动者和实践者,是新时代工会工作的主力军和关键要素。因此,加强工会干部队伍建设对于促进新时代首都工会工作发展具有极其重要的作用。本文在对北京市工会干部队伍状况调查的基础上,系统梳理了北京工会干部队伍的基本情况和总体特征,旨在把握工会干部队伍发展的新情况、新问题,并针对调查中发现的主要问题和工会干部队伍建设的时代要求,提出了相关建议。     

The devaluation of life

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been the target of two recent controversies involving the devaluation of life: the 2003 use of a senior discount for the value of statistical life for people over age 65, and the 2008 downward reassessment of the value of statistical life by the EPA Air Office. Even though these new values of statistical life were still among the highest used in the Federal government, there was a strong negative public reaction to each. The public outcry over the EPA policies appears to have stemmed from an irrational response to decreases in the value of statistical life. Proposed Congressional legislation that purportedly seeks to reform the valuations would politicize benefit assessments. A sounder approach is to establish a peer‐reviewed scientific advisory panel to advise agencies on the value of statistical life.     

Avoiding Theoretical Stagnation: A Systematic Review and Framework for Measuring Public Value

Public value theory has become a hot topic in public administration research, but its proponents have long recognised difficulties in empirically testing the theory's central propositions. There has been a lack of clarity about how to measure the extent to which organisations are generating public value, which has rendered researchers unable to quantitatively study the causes, consequences and correlates of public value. The current study systematically reviews the growing literature on public value measurement to identify, evaluate, and synthesise available measures. Through a qualitative synthesis of the themes present in published measures, we identify four key components for measuring public value that appear to be important across a range of policy and national contexts. Our review identifies a promising framework that could be used to structure a comprehensive measure of public value and, in doing so, provides a means to progress theoretical development and testing of the public value approach.     

A Knowledge‐Based Approach to Public Value Management: A Case Study of Change Implementation in Disability Services in Western Australia

This paper provides a knowledge‐based perspective to understanding public value management (PVM). As distinct from other approaches to public administration, PVM focuses on collaborative capacity building for the creation of public value. To develop the notion of PVM further, we explore the role of a knowledge‐based strategy in a case study of change implementation in 18 disability service organisations in Western Australia. Our findings show important inter‐relationships between knowledge management strategy, adopting a person‐centred approach to service provision, and sustainability of change implementation. We discuss the implications of the study for disability sector change management and for the further exploration of the strategic role of knowledge management capabilities in the study and practice of PVM in public sector administration. The paper explores the relationship between an organisation's knowledge capture and sharing systems and processes and its ability to implement change in a way that generates long‐term benefits for both public sector employees (e.g., engaging with key stakeholders to generate innovative solutions for serving client needs) and clients (i.e., increased well‐being through better service design and support).     

论军事文化的经济价值

军事文化对社会经济发展有积极促进的一面 ,这种促进作用是在军事文化与社会文化的互动中实现的。军事文化的经济价值主要由战争特点所决定 ,具体表现在军事科学理论知识、军事伦理价值观、军事谋略与思维、军事组织管理对经济技术发展的作用上     

家务劳动的经济价值及其法律保护

在广义劳动价值论视野,家务劳动是社会必要劳动,是提供劳动力产品、创造经济价值的劳动.目前在我国,家务劳动的法律保护缺失,这对家庭的分工合作、社会的稳定和谐有着直接的影响.因此,有必要建立完善的家务劳动保护法律制度,将家务劳动作为国家正式职业列入全国职业分类,政府部门应建立家务劳动的评估标准和体系.     

法治实践中价值、规范与事实关系初探

法是存在于价值、规范和事实三个不同界域中的统一体.在这三种界域当中,法律中分别以价值形态、规范形态和事实形态存在.法的这三种形态既有明显区别、彼此独立,又互相连接并互相转化.从这一基本原理出发,可以揭示出法治的新结构与新内涵,即法治是一个包括立法、守法、执法和司法及其后的反思评价三个不同阶段及其不同内容的完整统一体.     

从传统文化探析日本人的和谐观

日本传统文化不仅揭示了日本的历史变迁、社会风貌与生活艺术,更渗透着日本人的思想体系与价值观念。"和"是日本社会价值体系中最重要的价值观。它根植于日本传统文化,是贯穿于日本传统文化的主旋律。纵观日本传统文化,追求和谐的理念与境界不断缔造着"和"之韵与美,更构建着日本人的和谐观。