缩小居民收入差距的税收对策

征收个人所得税是缓解我国居民收入差距悬殊矛盾的有效办法.但目前我国个人所得税征管制度不够完善,常常出现"管得住工薪阶层,管不住新生贵族"的现象.当前只有加大税收征管力度,增强公民的纳税意识,"锁定"关键纳税人,才能充分发挥个人所得税在缩小居民收入差距方面的独特作用.     

Selective Sexual Harassment: Differential Treatment of Similar Groups of Women Workers

If male workers categorize different groups of women coworkers and, subsequently, treat them differently, the experiences of women from one of these groups would not be indicative of the experiences of women from another group. When this different treatment involves hostile environment sexual harassment of one group, but not the other, then the law must recognize the possibility of "selective sexual harassment." Without this understanding of the nuances of the workplace dynamics, a court could mistake the women of the unharassed group as representing "reasonable women" and the women of the harassed group as simply oversensitive. This paper draws on empirical data to demonstrate such a situation and advocates for a version of the "reasonable victim" standard to facilitate a closer analysis of hostile environment sexual harassment suits.     

论唐代税收体系和结构的发展变化

以德宗建中元年租庸调制的废弃和两税法的实行为分界,唐代税收体系和税收结构呈现出前后两个时期的鲜明特点。唐前期的租庸调制继承并总结了北魏隋朝以来的租调制,唐后期两税法和多种工商业税的推行则全面开启了征收资产税的法制化新里程。唐代国家税收体系和税收结构总体呈现出的由租庸调农业税为主向多元资产税并存的转化变动特点,对宋代以后的国家税收形态产生了重大的影响,也体现了唐代社会乃至中古封建社会的经济变动和社会发展。     

Getting Out of Debt: Garnishment of Wage in Whose Interest?

Garnishment of wage as a way for creditors to enforce payment by unwilling or insolvent debtors, while very common in Germany and Switzerland, is not very successful. Based on a dynamic model of debtor behaviour, this paper explores two alternatives of reform. One is to reduce the rate of garnishment, which at present amounts to 100 percent of the wage income exceeding a defined subsistence level, thus probably destroying incentives to work. According to model simulations, reducing the rate of garnishment is likely to result in an increase of labour supply but a decrease of garnishment revenue per period. Second, the introduction of a debt release as it exists in the United States would have an ambiguous effect on labour supply. While providing debtors with a fresh start, it would result a partial loss for creditors. A Pareto improvement thus does not seem to be possible. When taxpayers as an involved third party are taken into account, however, a potential Pareto improvement appears attainable through debt release.     

涉税信息共享权限规范研究

税收是国家履行其职能的前提条件,是实现公平正义的方式之一。然而,在我国的税收征管过程中,征纳双方之间的涉税信息具有严重的不对称性,它已经成为国家税款应收尽收的最大障碍。因此,立法者必须以涉税信息共享权限规范的形式赋予税务机关共享由其他部门和机构掌握的纳税人涉税信息的权力。通过在理论上对涉税信息共享权限规范的含义、属性、特征、分类、意义进行深入的研究,以便形成圆满的涉税信息共享权限规范体系,为税务机关涉税信息共享权力的获得和行使奠定理论基础,切实保障国家税收收入。     

税收流失规模:地下经济视角的分析

运用现金比率法和收支差异法对我国地下经济和税收流失的规模进行测估,我国目前由于地下经济的存在而导致严重的税收流失,这提醒我们对税收的重点、税制改革的方向以及税制结构的调整等一系列问题,需要重新加以思考.     

金融危机前后大学生保留工资变化研究

在2008年4月和12月进行的2008届和2009届大学毕业生就业调查数据基础上,建立了我国大学生保留工资模型。金融危机已经显著冲击了大学生保留工资的形成过程。家庭经济困难大学生、女大学生和非大城市户籍大学生更容易受到金融危机的冲击,更应当成为关注和帮助的重点。就业指导和就业信心所代表的就业能力有利于大学生形成适应劳动市场需求状况的合理保留工资。     

电子商务与我国现行税制的完善

电子商务作为一种新的交易方式,代表着未来贸易发展的方向.随着它的蓬勃发展,税收环境发生了新的变化,由此引发了税负不公、原有税制规则不适应、税收征管难度加大、逃税和避税问题日趋复杂等一系列税收问题.而就我国现行税制的实际情况看,它在解决这些问题方面还存在许多不足.因此,应尽快采取各种税收对策完善我国现行税制,提高其应对电子商务税收问题的能力.     

契约精神与税收筹划的合理界限

在市场经济条件下,税收筹划是一种普遍的以增加纳税主体可税性收益为目的的经济活动安排,但对税收筹划的法理论分析却非常薄弱。从对现代契约精神的尊重与实现出发,剖析税收筹划深层次的法价值理念,税收筹划中契约精神的延展、异化及理性复归等问题,试图在理论上解决税收筹划的"弱理论性"问题。     

税收优惠政策对经济发展的影响

税收优惠政策对经济发展具有双刃剑效应。地方政府执行国家税收优惠政策的取向在一定程度上影响着地方经济发展,甚至成为地方经济发展的一个风向标。因此,地方政府应根据国家的税收优惠政策发展趋势用好税收优惠政策,促进地方经济更好更快发展。