从亨廷顿政党适应性理论看新时期我们党的执政能力建设

在大力构建和谐社会的新时期,我们党面临着主流意识形态淡化、社会不公现象凸显、腐败现象屡禁不止等诸多挑战。为此,我们必须从马克思主义执政党生死存亡的高度,密切关注对适应性问题的研究,整合各种政治资源,更加主动地加强党的执政能力建设。     

建立我国亲权制度的思考

亲权关系是婚姻家庭关系不可缺少的一部分。我国法律中未专设亲权制度。尽快建立和完善亲权制度是进一步完善我国社会主义法制的要求 ,对保护未成年人的合法权益具有重要的意义     

论刑事责任能力的性质

刑事责任能力是一个刑法意义上的概念,是法律拟制的抽象类型。刑事责任能力的有无及其程度的判断,主要是一种抽象的法律判断,而不涉及主体之外的其他因素。可以说,刑事责任能力其实就是一种行为能力。     

中止犯处罚若干问题研究

关于中止犯处罚 ,我国学者间存在着较大的争论。从刑法的发展看 ,中止犯处罚应明确并规定中止犯与既遂犯竞合处罚原则 ,对损害主要限于有形、物质损害并辅之于无形、非物质损害。而其减免处罚根据在于报应为主、功利为辅的刑罚观念     

树立科学的领导干部执政能力观

科学发展观的主要执行者是领导干部,领导干部的执政能力决定着科学发展的能力。从一定意义上说,组织部门和组工干部的执政能力观决定着领导干部的执政能力和领导水平。树立科学的执政能力观,要以科学识别为前提、科学选拔为核心、科学评估为关键、科学培育为根本。     

共同渎职犯罪主体身份与职务不同的定罪问题研究

共同渎职犯罪主体身份与职务不同 ,非国家机关工作人员能否成为国家机关工作人员犯罪的实行犯、教唆犯、组织犯、帮助犯 ,国家机关工作人员能否成为非国家工作人员的教唆犯 ,一直是理论界和司法实践争论不休的问题。凡利用国家机关工作人员职务便利的 ,应一律按国家机关工作人员犯罪共犯定罪 ;未利用国家机关工作人员职务便利的 ,则按主犯犯罪性质的共犯定罪。     

Return on Investment in Innovation: Implications for Institutions and National Agencies*

Commercial success in universities in the USA and Canada has resulted in many other countries taking steps to emulate this performance and major technology transfer and commercialisation support programmes have been launched in UK, Europe, Australia, Japan and many other countries—including South Africa. Unrealistic expectations have, however, been generated by the spectacular successes of a relatively few institutions and it is not always realised that the success from commercialisation is proportional to the magnitude of the investment in research. Without a well funded, high quality research system, it is not possible for technology transfer to make any significant contribution to economic development. The possible economic returns to higher education institutions from commercialisation of research can be estimated using international benchmarks. This forecast uses a combination of an institutional return on investment model and a simple economic projection. The model is generic and can be adapted for use in any institution. As more data becomes available from local (and international) sources, the model will be refined to give better estimates. The model is dynamic and shows, quantitatively, why it can take up to 10 years for an institution, and 20 years nationally, to attain a positive rate of return from an investment in research and technology transfer. The model enables the long-term impact of policy decisions, in an institution and nationally, to be examined and alternative scenarios explored. The performance of individual institutions is, however, highly variable and unpredictable. This is even for those institutions that are comparable in size and maturity. A large portfolio of patents and licences is required to give a reasonable probability of positive returns. This may be possible at a national level, but is problematic in smaller institutions—and smaller countries. Because the benefits of the innovation system are captured largely at national level, with institutions having a high uncertainty, public sector support to reduce the institutional risk is necessary to assist institutions to make the necessary investments. Technology transfer is of course only one element of the overall research and innovation value chain. All elements must be functioning effectively to derive the economic and social benefits from research. In addition to a strong research system, adequate incentives must exist to encourage academics to participate, particularly with regard to the crucial initial step of invention disclosure. After disclosure, sufficient institutional capacity must be in place to take an idea, evaluate it, protect the intellectual property appropriately and then seek a path to commercialisation through either licensing or start-up company formation. *Based on the paper “Return on Investment in Innovation: Implications for Institutions and National Agencies” presented at The First Globelics Conference on Innovation Systems and Development Strategies for the Third Millennium, Rio de Janeiro, November 2003.     

浅论西部大开发中地方政府能力的提升

西部经济的发展需要政府与市场的互动,以解决资源配置的效率与效益问题。长期以来,我国西部地区一是市场化程度不高,造成投资者生产成本的增加;二是政府能力的缺失导致了交易成本的上升。加入WTO后,西部地方政府在经济发展的过程中,应该针对公共商品和私人商品的特性,合理确定西部地方政府与市场的作用范围,实行市场化改革,创造一个有效率的制度安排,以提升该地区地方政府发展经济的能力。     

论死亡保险合同中被保险人的资格

道德危险问题一直伴随着保险业的发展,这在死亡保险合同中表现得更为明显。死亡保险关乎被保险人的生命,让被保险人通过自己的意思表示来判断投保人为其投保的动机是十分重要的；对防止道德危险的发生也有非常积极的作用。所以应当对死亡保险合同中被保险人的资格加以限制,但应当分类对待。     

生态补偿的法律关系及其发展现状和问题

生态补偿是指国家或社会主体之间约定对损害资源环境的行为向资源环境开发利用主体进行收费或向保护资源环境的主体提供利益补偿性措施,并将所征收的费用或补偿性措施的惠益通过约定的某种形式,转移到因资源环境开发利用或保护资源环境而自身利益受到损害的主体的过程。