Process and Social Formation: Petty Commodity Producers in Zinder,Niger

This case study employed a qualitative methodology to examine gender relations in urban domestic water supply under duolocality where heterogeneous spouses live in separate residences. It is based on the experiences of the Ga of Ghana at the present time (2011–present), with James Town as the study area. Results show that gender relations in duolocal water supply is mediated by several factors, including women's economic positioning and time reported to sleep at husbands' homes, age and authority structure, proximity of males and females, distance to water points, and availability of public showers and sachet water. There is significant participation of duolocal men in household water provision, aided by short distances to water points and ready access to showers and pure water. Women renegotiate their subordinate position in domestic water provision by using their economic clout as leverage, manipulating their physical presence at men's residences, including late arrival to sleep but early departure, and capitalising on opportunities presented by new social dynamics to form indirect alliances with men. The study provides additional contribution to understanding gender discourse in urban water supply as it uncovers previously under-explored social processes in the linkages between residential patterns and gender relations in resource access and use.     

Far from basic rules: social dynamics,legal regulations and access to household water in Northern Ghana, 1965–2012

Northern Ghana has been a pilot region for implementing drinking water programs. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) has acted as a key player in constructing hand pumps and small-town water systems, as well as in designing institutional frameworks for their delivery and management, which have been subsequently up-scaled to national level. Water rights are neither uniform nor immune to institutional drawbacks. The ethnographic study analyzes the history of water supply in a rural settlement from the mid-1960s through to 2012, and outlines the evolution of local law. It shows that water development is a non-progressive, multi-directional and hegemonic process that is driven by institutional bricolage and rule making in external and local political arenas.     

论我国建设节水防污型社会的制约因素及对策

水资源是国家的重要战略资源,是经济社会可持续发展的重要物质基础。人口的大量增加,导致人与水之间的矛盾日益突出;粗放的经济发展方式、水资源管理法律法规的不健全使我国面临着极为紧迫的水资源安全压力;气候异常变化加剧了水资源危机。建设节水防污型社会,必须进一步贯彻落实科学发展观,实行严格的水资源管理制度;必须依法治水,科学管水;必须推动经济社会发展与水资源承载能力、环境承载能力相互协调,相互促进。     

水：中国法思想的本喻

中国法思想的类型在本源上就不同于西方。早期的中国哲人对法的思考并不借助于概念和逻辑,而是来自于对水这种物质的观审、想象和沉思,由水所提供的意象成为中国法思想的一个原型。从治水的经验中提取出对治人一样有用的“准绳”概念,从“静止的水”的观省中建构了法的模型,从“源头之水”、“水舟关系”建立起中国传统政治法律关系原型。对于中国传统法思想而言,“水”不是说明“法”的一个文学意义的比喻,而是对法进行概念认知过程中的一个“本喻”,是概念体系的基础。     

论我国水资源循环利用的法律促进

我国人均水资源的占有量较少,还有大量水资源被浪费或污染而无法得到有效利用,有必要通过立法来促进水资源的循环利用该类立法应体现出广泛性、公益性、示范性、强制性和技术性的特点。应该在《循环经济促进法》的基础上,制定相应的促进水资源循环利用的法律措施,以更好的保护水资源,实现可持续发展。     

Recreational Sporting Activity Vehicle‐Related Deaths

Deaths occurring in the setting of nonprofessional, vehicle‐related, recreational sporting activities occurring on land or in water during warm or winter months represent a diverse group of cases. These deaths tend to involve scenarios where the participants are purposefully attempting to enjoy themselves prior to experiencing sudden, catastrophic accidents resulting in lethal outcomes. Ultimately, many of the deaths are related to the high speed at which these vehicle‐related activities normally occur. Three broad categories of factors may play contributory roles in death: human factors, vehicle factors, and environmental factors. A series of selected cases are presented, representing examples of varying activity types, involving motorized and nonmotorized vehicles, land and water activities, and warm weather and cold weather environments. For each case, the various human, vehicle and environmental factors believed to be contributory to the accident are considered, and strategies for prevention of these and similar deaths involving recreational sporting vehicles are presented.     

溺死尸体124例形态学分析

通过对124具溺死尸体的尸体征象出现率的统计分析,以明确哪些尸体征象可以在实际案件中用于确诊生前入水溺死。尤其对水中腐败尸体因腐败导致一些尸体征象消失,常难以确诊溺死。溺死腐败尸体左右心肌及心内膜颜色存在差异,对确诊溺死具有重要价值。     

At Boiling Point: Like Water for Chocolate and the Boundaries of Mexican Identity

Abstract — This article explores the mechanisms of Mexican identity as they are constructed in Alfonso Arau's film Como agua para chocolate (1991) (Like Water for Chocolate). In re-designing the characters of Laura Esquivel's novel, Arau produces a range of filmic stereotypes drawn from both the Hollywood and the Mexican traditions of film-making. Through the careful manipulation of filmic devices such as editing, framing and close-ups, many of the features of Mexican otherness perpetuated by Hollywood throughout the twentieth century are inscribed. I apply the metaphor of boiling, derived from the film's title, to examine certain key concepts of cinematic 'mexicanness' including the tropes of 'revolution', 'border', 'race' and 'sex'. Crucial to this argument is a consideration of the contemporary political climate in which Like Water for Chocolate was both produced and released. In Mexico, it was released halfway through the sexenio (six-year period of rule) of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari's rule and is clearly one of the most succesful cultural products (and exports) of his government's now infamous rule. In the United States, the climate of anti-immigrant attitudes in 1992 and 1993 and the corresponding political tension provokes new readings of certain stereotypical images of Mexicans and mexicanness. It is the tension that is produced by the collision between these two contexts — cultural, political and ethnic — that forms the principal focus of discussion in this article.     

农田水利建设是农业增产之本

该文阐明了农田水利设施的基础性地位和作用,以及加快灌区建设与改造的必要性,在对中国农田水利基础设施薄弱的原因进行深入分析的基础上,提出了加快农田水利工程建设与发展的意见和建议。     

城乡统筹、合理配置再生水资源用于农业的对策建议

该文通过分析中国农田污灌现状及其危害,揭示“城市再生水利用率”具体指标实现上仍存在的结构性矛盾,论述在没有充足常规水源的情况下,开发利用再生水农灌是农田生态修复的可行措施,提出把再生水回用农灌作为各级政府统筹城乡发展的重要内容及其可行性建议,以实现水资源的优化配置和循环利用,保证社会主义新农村又好又快地建设。