用好水土资源需要发扬和借鉴各民族传统文化

水土资源是一种复合的自然资源 ,水土资源各构成要素在地球表面的分布很不均匀 ,致使世界上不管哪个国家、哪个民族在其活动范围内 ,水土资源的构成都各有利弊 ,互有得失。静态地评估水土资源优劣并不能客观地反映一个国家、一个民族的水土资源实情。用好水土资源的关键是针对客观存在的水土资源现实兴利除弊 ,而真正做到兴利除弊就需要发扬各民族传统文化中因地制宜的水土资源利用智慧和技能 ,借鉴其他民族成功的治水治土经验 ,最大限度地发挥自己所掌握的水土资源的利用价值 ,才是获得可持续发展的根本大计。轻视自己的传统文化 ,不愿意学习与借鉴其他民族利用水土资源的智慧和技能 ,是当前水土流失治理中亟待克服的弊端。     

我国城市水污染防治立法中存在的问题及完善的建议

当前我国城市水污染防治立法 ,在监管体制、工业废水和生活废水的控制、地下水资源保护等方面面临许多问题。针对我国城市水污染防治立法中的问题 ,提出完善的建议 ,将有利于我国城市水污染的防治。     

The Political Economy of Water Effluent Charges in France: Why are Rates Kept Low?

The French water effluent charge was set up thirty years ago. However, its design differs significantly with the Pigovian tax envisaged in economic textbooks. In particular, various studies have shown that the tax rate is too low to significantly affect the polluters' behaviour. The paper is a case study of this charge and aims to understand why rates are low. It consists of a careful political economy analysis of the institutional setting through which the water effluent charge is implemented using both historical evidence and simple modelling. The fact that the charge is combined with regulation plays a crucial role in explaining its rate.     

垃圾卫生填埋场复合密封层防渗技术及应用

介绍了垃圾卫生填埋场防渗系统中密封材料HDPE膜及GCL的主要性能及特点。提出在我国应用新的填埋场密封材料GCL ,与HDPE膜组成复合密封层 ,并从防渗性能、价格等方面进行了比较分析 ,同时提出HDPE膜—GCL复合密封层建设规范的建议     

澳、美水权制度对构建我国水权制度的启示

本文通过对澳大利亚和美国水权制度的研究,引发了笔者对我国水权的界定、适用、取得、转让和价格等制度的思考,从而提出了水权应包括水物权和取水权,我国应建立区域性的水权制度,水权的取得包括分配取得和出让取得,组建水银行进行水权转让,水权价格包括出让价、转让价和水费等观点。     

Politics,Science, and Termination: A Case Study of Water Fluoridation Policy in Calgary in 2011

Policy termination is identified as a rare occurrence and thus difficult to study. However, one policy area, community water fluoridation, has seen an apparent increase in termination in recent years. We examine the specific case of termination in Calgary, Alberta in 2011 with a specific goal to apply Kingdon's Multiple Streams Approach to the policy termination framework. Our findings suggest that of key importance for the termination of water fluoridation was the impending need for an upgrade to the fluoridation infrastructure, the effectiveness of the local anti‐fluoridation activists, the speed of decision making, and a prominent framing of the issue in ethical terms. The opening of a policy window made possible by the 2010 Calgary municipal election, one that introduced a number of new members to council, as well as the presence of a policy entrepreneur who took advantage of the window's opening, were of specific importance to the success of policy termination.     

广西农村饮用水源法律保障机制构建

由于农村饮用水源保护法律供给不足，广西饮用水源危机在一定程度上表现为农村饮用水源危机。本文在对出广西农村饮用水源保护面临的法治困境进行整理分析的基础上，结合广西农村社区饮用水源实际，提出构建农村农村饮用水源法律保障机制，旨在探索出一条适合广西农村饮用水源保护的法治之路。     

New investment,old challenges. Land deals and the water constraint in African agriculture

Foreign investment in agricultural land acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa has been viewed primarily as driven by a set of linked ‘crises’: in financial capital markets, in security of energy and food supply, and in global environmental governance. This paper argues that a focus on the ‘buyers’ of land risks overlooking the dynamics that operate on the side of the land ‘sellers’. Accordingly, the first part of the paper argues that it is important to view the current ‘land grab’ as the latest stage in a longer historical process of competition for control of land and other natural resources by different ‘domestic’ economic and political actors within African countries. While such struggles are often characterised as the ‘state versus the peasantry’, with the state acting on behalf of ‘urban elites’, the paper argues that processes of accumulation and associated enclosure of natural resources need to be examined more critically in specific contexts if the role and impact of foreign capital investment are to be understood. The second part of the paper seeks to identify the ways in which questions of scale (in the sense of greater capital intensity) can be considered to be constraints to the development of African agriculture. Particularly, it considers the extent to which the production models most frequently mentioned in connection with foreign investment (large-scale mechanised farms and small-scale outgrower contract farming) respond to current productivity constraints. The paper argues that current debates about foreign investment in agricultural land underplay the importance of water resources needed to overcome production risks associated with irregular rainfall. Bringing the water dimension of land deals more clearly into focus is necessary if the scope for positive and negative impacts of new investment on existing land users is to be fully understood. The paper concludes by considering the implications of such challenges in the current context of foreign investment in agriculture in Africa.     

The rise of the constitutional regulatory state in Colombia: The case of water governance

This article interprets the regulatory state in Colombia as the result of a dialectic process between transnational knowledge and domestic politics, which influence, transform, and inspire each other. Such a process results in an interesting constitutional variant of the regulatory state, in which neo‐constitutionalism becomes a counterbalance to the unchecked expansion of neo‐liberal regulatory practices. I, therefore, distinguish between neoliberal and constitutional regulatory states. As a result of neo‐constitutionalism, the domestic judiciary is empowered, and becomes a crucial actor to understand both the specific traits of this regulatory experience, and its interaction with global centers of power.     

Forensic Identification of Blood in the Presence of Contaminations Using Raman Microspectroscopy Coupled with Advanced Statistics: Effect of Sand,Dust, and Soil

Body fluid traces recovered at crime scenes are among the most common and important types of forensic evidence. However, the ability to characterize a biological stain at a crime scene nondestructively has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we expand the Raman spectroscopic approach for the identification of dry traces of pure body fluids to address the problem of heterogeneous contamination, which can impair the performance of conventional methods. The concept of multidimensional Raman signatures was utilized for the identification of blood in dry traces contaminated with sand, dust, and soil. Multiple Raman spectra were acquired from the samples via automatic scanning, and the contribution of blood was evaluated through the fitting quality using spectroscopic signature components. The spatial mapping technique allowed for detection of “hot spots” dominated by blood contribution. The proposed method has great potential for blood identification in highly contaminated samples.