清末新政时期直隶的水患治理

清末新政时期,清廷上下对直隶的水利事业较为重视。通过一些水利工程的修建,在一定程度上减轻了水患,增强了人们抵御自然灾害的能力,对直隶地区农业生产产生了积极影响。     

我国水资源保护法律制度的现状与完善

目前我国可利用水资源短缺的危机日益严重,但现行水资源保护法律制度却存在缺失。完善法律保护途径,合理利用和保护好现有水资源,确保我国水资源的永续利用显得尤为重要。     

一起自建集中式供水单位生活饮用水不符合卫生标准行政处罚案例评析

卫生行政执法部门在处理群众投诉举报时,对生活饮用水等与健康相关的产品依法进行采样抽检,对样品抽检结果不合格的单位依法对其处罚时,要对相关证据进行核实。通过本案例分析,提示对于检测样品要严格按照相关规范进行采样,对检验结果要依据国家卫生标准进行相关分析,相关程序符合要求,才能依据检验结果适用法律进行行政处罚。     

Decentralisation and Supply Efficiency: The case of Rural Water Supply in Central India

Demand for decentralisation of provision of public services is gaining ground in developing countries. Also, the policy advice to decentralise given by international agencies to the developing countries is turning into pressure. However, the benefits of decentralisation are not as obvious as the standard theory of fiscal federalism predicts. This article examines the effect of decentralisation of provision of drinking water in central India. The efficiency of water utilities under the control of the state government and those under the local governments is compared in terms of expense and asset utilisation. It is found that the decentralised provision of water supply is less efficient. The possible reasons for this counter intuitive result are analysed.     

海峡两岸水污染防治法比较分析

《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》和台湾地区《水污染防治法》修订时间相隔无几,均反应了两岸水污染防治政策、制度的最新走向。在此背景下,本文从立法目的和政策目标、监督管理体制、监督管理措施、保障机制、法律责任等方面逐一比较,以期能为我国水污染防治措施的完善提供参考价值。     

Differentiation between drug use and environmental contamination when testing for drugs in hair

The differentiation between systemic exposure and external contamination for certain drug groups has been frequently referred to as one of the limitations of in drug testing in hair. When hair samples are used, three steps are usually employed in order to minimise the possibility of external contamination causing a misinterpretation. The first consists of decontaminating hair samples by washing the hair before analysis, the second is the detection of the relevant metabolites in the hair samples and the third is the use of cut-off levels. Difficulty in the interpretation arises when metabolites are not detected either due to external contamination of the hair or low doses of the drugs used. A wash protocol needs to be practical and ideally remove any drug deposited on the external portion of the hair.     

水资源管制立法内涵解读

Water resources have the functions as domestic water, resource water and environmental water, on the basis of which the legislative framework of water resource regulations shall be studied. Firstly, domestic water shall be deemed as property right and the legislation shall protect the realization of the fundamental human rights for use of domestic water. Secondly, with respect to resource water, an independent water resource regulatory agency shall be established; and meanwhile, the legislation shall promote the construction of water right market based on property rights and improve the utility of water resources. Thirdly, since environmental water is one of the public goods, the legislation shall create a path of privatization in implementing mechanism for realizing the use of environmental water and the franchising system provides a practical solution to privatization of environmental water. Xu Jinhai, Ph.D in Law, is a vice director of the Public Utilities Law Institute of Hohai University. Since 2001, he has released nearly twenty articles in Nanjing University Law Review and Jiangsu Social Science Journal and other academic journals.     

西部贫困地区农村水利建设的现状与对策探讨——以广西为例

农村水利建设是西部贫困地区扶贫开发工作的重要内容。作为西部欠发达地区,广西农村水利事业在扶贫开发中取得了长足的发展,提供了可资借鉴的经验,但仍然面临着农村饮水不安全人口多、小型病险水库数量大、农业灌排设施老化失修、水环境持续恶化、水电资源无序开发等突出问题。在新一轮扶贫开发中．必须从更新观念、理顺体制、加大投入、强化队伍建设等方面予以加强。     

环首都区域水资源协调发展现状分析与对策

环首都水源涵养区是中国首都乃至全国的重要生态屏障,对维护首都和华北地区生态安全极为重要.由于缺乏长效保障机制,环北京周边地区生态环境严重退化,上游地区自产水量和出境水量均大幅度减少.统计分析表明,从2000到2011年,年均自产水量和出境水量分别减少了25％和64％.针对这种情况,该文分析了环首都水源涵养区水资源协调发展已具备的优势、条件以及存在的问题.在此基础上,从机构建设、专项基金建立、特殊财政支持和统一规划制定等5个方面提出了环首都水源涵养区水资源协调发展对策与建议.     

污水排放标准制度的特定化——以实现“最严格水资源管理”纳污红线制度为中心

“最严格水资源管理”及纳污红线制度是对污水控制提出的更为严格的执法要求,它预期通过实施环境标准增进污水控制的绩效.当前的污水排放标准体系秉持统一化的控制思路,是以水功能区水体功能允许的最高排放值为控制标准,这种规制思路难以实现纳污红线的控制预期.要有针对性地引入特定化的污水控制标准,在既定水功能区划分基础上进行水体及相应排放标准的细化,在纳污总量核定中预留面源污染的空间,并且要针对个体污染源适用特定化标准.