社会治理的要素分析

全球化进程中，人类面临着一系列新的社会治理问题，同时又正在承受因自身治理失误带来的种种灾难。正确、全面认识社会治理不仅关系整个人类未来的生存发展，也必将影响到每个国家和每一个人的切身利益。客观准确地分析和把握社会治理的要素是科学认识社会治理的基础。只有通过对社会治理主要要素的深入分析，才能从整体上把握人类各种社会治理行为变化发展的共同规律。     

东北文化环境对民营企业家成长的影响解析

东北地区辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省其经济地理特征及文化、体制背景具有很强的同质性。对东北地区民营企业家的问卷调查,刻画了东北地区的文化环境对民营企业家成长发育的影响。东北地区特定的历史地理环境、制度环境所形成的东北区域文化决定了东北地区民营企业家产生与发展的特殊环境及其特殊性。企业家群体与社会文化环境之间形成良性互动与循环,是企业家成长与区域经济发展的基础性条件。     

At Boiling Point: Like Water for Chocolate and the Boundaries of Mexican Identity

Abstract — This article explores the mechanisms of Mexican identity as they are constructed in Alfonso Arau's film Como agua para chocolate (1991) (Like Water for Chocolate). In re-designing the characters of Laura Esquivel's novel, Arau produces a range of filmic stereotypes drawn from both the Hollywood and the Mexican traditions of film-making. Through the careful manipulation of filmic devices such as editing, framing and close-ups, many of the features of Mexican otherness perpetuated by Hollywood throughout the twentieth century are inscribed. I apply the metaphor of boiling, derived from the film's title, to examine certain key concepts of cinematic 'mexicanness' including the tropes of 'revolution', 'border', 'race' and 'sex'. Crucial to this argument is a consideration of the contemporary political climate in which Like Water for Chocolate was both produced and released. In Mexico, it was released halfway through the sexenio (six-year period of rule) of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari's rule and is clearly one of the most succesful cultural products (and exports) of his government's now infamous rule. In the United States, the climate of anti-immigrant attitudes in 1992 and 1993 and the corresponding political tension provokes new readings of certain stereotypical images of Mexicans and mexicanness. It is the tension that is produced by the collision between these two contexts — cultural, political and ethnic — that forms the principal focus of discussion in this article.     

Data envelopment analysis to investigate the Italian legal system and its reform

This work investigates the Italian judicial system and discusses the designing of a policy reform to boost the efficiency of courts, considering the human resources available as well as the expenditure generated by the process to deliver justice. The authors present the benchmarks and shed light on how policy makers embarking on such a process of reform may be misled by inappropriate model definition. In detail, the authors propose a comparative analysis of technical efficiency (TE) scores computed using data envelopment analysis, adopting the same output (number of settled cases) and two alternative sets of inputs (judicial expenditure and human resources). According to the results, without considering the information extracted from the two complementary benchmark analyses, policy makers might be misled in the reform process. Regarding the elements that affect the performance of courts, it may be possible to improve the efficiency of judicial districts by working on judicial procedures. Hence, these are the domains where interventions by policy makers may prove successful. As for policy implications, the models and benchmarks presented here could be used to devise a reform of the judicial system aimed at enhancing its TE, while also keeping public expenditure under control.     

Competition and cooperation in artificial intelligence standard setting: Explaining emergent patterns

Efforts to set standards for artificial intelligence (AI) reveal striking patterns: technical experts hailing from geopolitical rivals, such as the United States and China, readily collaborate on technical AI standards within transnational standard-setting organizations, whereas governments are much less willing to collaborate on global ethical AI standards within international organizations. Whether competition or cooperation prevails can be explained by three variables: the actors that make up the membership of the standard-setting organization, the issues on which the organization's standard-setting efforts focus, and the “games” actors play when trying to set standards within a particular type of organization. A preliminary empirical analysis provides support for the contention that actors, issues, and games affect the prospects for cooperation on global AI standards. It matters because shared standards are vital for achieving truly global frameworks for the governance of AI. Such global frameworks, in turn, lower transaction costs and the probability that the world will witness the emergence of AI systems that threaten human rights and fundamental freedoms.     

How do interests,ideas, and institutions affect multisectoral governance? The case of tobacco governance in two Pacific small island developing states

Multisectoral governance has been recognized to be vital to regulate harmful commodity industries, yet countries struggle with reaching policy coherence due to government agencies' conflicting mandates and industry interference. Limited empirical evidence is available on how interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and influence multisectoral governance in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Pacific small island developing states (PSIDS), often exploited by vested industry interests and whose non-communicable disease crisis commands urgent action to regulate harmful commodities. This study assessed the ways interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and shape multisectoral tobacco governance in PSIDS. Interviewee data collected in Fiji and Vanuatu show that the idea of individual responsibility, the limited recognition of commercial determinants of health, the centralization of authority, and the vulnerabilities of small island developing states, (including small population, land, economy, geographic isolation, and status as a developing economy), prevent these states from achieving policy coherence in multisectoral tobacco governance.     

发挥自治优势创新宁夏发展环境

宁夏作为经济社会发展落后的民族自治区,应当深刻领会民族区域自治制度的精神实质,充分行使自治权,发挥自治优势,创新发展环境,加速经济社会的全面发展.     

从关税管理走向关税治理——对海关综合治税的治理视角解读与构想

综合治税是近年海关税收管理实践的重大创新,取得了显著的效果。文章借用当代公共行政学的最新成果之一——治理理论的分析框架与方法．从理论层面对综合治税实践加以解读,探寻其中蕴含的治理思想,并前瞻性地展望了关税管理向关税治理模式变迁路径与创新构想,以期进一步充实关税管理理论,并对海关综合治税实践提供一定的前瞻性指导。     

共同但有区别责任原则:演进、属性与功能

在没有核心性国际法律文件和世界性专门机构引领的情况下,全球环境治理只能凭借一系列的环境原则,其中包括构成维系国际环境合作体系之支柱的共同但有区别责任原则。共同但有区别责任原则并非天生就是国际环境法的基本原则,其首先是一项全球环境治理原则。该原则不仅具有法律属性,同时也具有伦理与政治属性。相应地,共同但有区别原则也就具有了多重功能。只有厘清共同但有区别责任原则的属性和功能,才能避免落入"法律中心主义"的窠臼。     

从“中国之制”到“中国之治”——论推进国家治理能力现代化的着力点和关键点

党的十八大以来,国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设进入崭新的阶段,开辟了我们党治国理政的新境界。从治理实践看,制度建设稳步推进,但是有了制度不意味着万事大吉。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,应把握好推进国家治理能力现代化的着力点和关键点,要警惕制度主义,防止出现制度绝对化、制度僵化、制度效能弱化等风险,推动相关制度的完善和发展,最大限度上发挥制度优势,最高程度上提升治理能力实效性。