论遗嘱处分在财产继承中的优位效力——与法定继承相比较

相对于法定继承而言,遗嘱处分在财产继承中具有优先适用的效力。这种优位效力,不仅体现在继承立法上,而且也反映在具体的司法实务中;遗嘱处分的优位效力取决于私法自治及其支配下的遗嘱自由原则。     

对中国登记离婚制度的评价与反思

The Regulations on Marriage Registration promulgated in 2003 advocates the ideas for autonomy of private law, such as “autonomy of individual will”, “self responsibility” and “self-determination right”, ushering a new era of Chinese divorce registration system from supervision by employed institution to self responsibility, however, such issues also result in excessive freedom and insufficient restriction. In setting up the divorce registration system, therefore, it shall also be considered for the protection of disadvantaged parties and minor children so as to ensure the fairness and justice of law and the harmony and stability of society. Xia Yinlan, LL.D, is a professor and doctoral tutor and the dean of the School of International Studies in China University of Political Science and Law. She is also the vice chairman of Beijing Women’s Federation, the member of the executive committee of China Women’s Federation, the director of Marriage and Family Legal Research Institution under the supervision of China Law Society, the vice director of China Association of Marriage and Family Studies, the standing director of the International Family Law Society, the vice director of Beijing Women’s Law Research Institution. Her major academic interest covers women’s human rights, heritage law and family law. She was once a Fulbright visiting scholar in the United States and a legal expert in Macau Legal Affair Bureau. She’s one of the experts in drafting the P.R.C. Law on the Protection Of Women’s Rights (revised), the Marriage Law of P.R.C. (revised) and the Regulation of Marriage Registration of P.R.C., and she is still active in participating in the legislation activities of China. Prof. Xia wrote or co-wrote more than 20 monographs and textbooks, including American Modern Family and Marriage System, the Freedom and Restriction of Divorce, the Basic Framework Research on Domestic Violence Law, etc. In Chinese and foreign academic journals, more than 60 articles have been released, such as the study on property segmentation in divorce in China, the study on family violence under the framework of women’s rights, the comparison on the factual marriage in Macau and the Mainland of China.     

Mos Geometricus and the Common Law Mind: Interrogating Contract Theory

Euclidian theories have it that there exist one or a small number of apex principles from which the entire fasciculus of rules of contract law can be logically deduced. Two arguments are marshalled against the Euclidian project. First, that it has been unsuccessfully attempted before – in the form of the nineteenth century contract law treatise which emulated the civil lawyer's rationalistic model, mos geometricus – cautioning us against setting much store by its present reincarnation. Second, that the common law's methodology makes it resistant to this form of theorising. Euclidian theory presupposes a picture of rules on which: a) cases involve an application of logically prior rules; b) rules are reliably identifiable by different actors in the legal system; and c) rules normatively range over an indefinite spectrum of future cases. It will be argued that the common law defies this picture of rules thus rendering Euclidian theory analytically impossible.     

论委托代理授权不明时代理人的责任

在委托代理中,一旦出现授权范围、期限等内容不明确的情况,即可导致授权不明。在授权不明的情形下,课以代理人承担连带责任既不符合委托代理制度的基本法律构造,也不利于鼓励交易,影响代理制度功能的发挥。确定授权不明情形下代理人责任,需要先确定被代理人的授权范围以及代理行为的效力,在维护交易安全的前提下充分尊重被代理人的意思自治,由其事后确定授权范围。授权不明情形下代理人的代理行为可能构成有权代理、狭义的无权代理或者表见代理。     

运输毒品罪疑难问题研究

运输毒品是指在一个法域内 ,行为人以流通毒品为目的 ,认识到是毒品但不明知毒品的用途 ,采用各种方式流通毒品 ,并不根据自己的意志使毒品流通于不同的控制者。帮助吸毒者运输、转移毒品的行为可能构成非法持有毒品罪。行为人携带枪支运输毒品的行为应根据不同情况具体分析     

关于民法典继承法编修改的几点建议

值此我国民法典草案正在热烈讨论之际 ,针对其中继承法编的修改 ,笔者建议从三个途径入手 :第一、审视继承法现有原则和规定 ,对其本身的缺陷加以完善 ;第二、比较外国继承法 ,设立在他国司法实践中已经取得明显收效的制度 ;第三、结合新的社会现象 ,对因此新出现的继承法律问题 ,提出立法要求。本文从以上三个角度解析我国继承法的缺陷 ,对新的民法典草案继承法编提出几点修改建议 ,同时分析说明了其立法理由。     

International lawyers in the aftermath of disasters: inheriting from Radhabinod Pal and Upendra Baxi

Abstract

In the present lives in the postcolony are beset by relentless disasters, generating great suffering and loss. How should an international lawyer conduct herself in response? Resisting the urge to construct these times as entirely unprecedented, this article attempts a response by drawing out the conduct of two ancestral Third World international lawyers responding to disasters in their own time. It reveals how disasters never simply occur but are actively produced by particular modes of conduct deployed by international lawyers. From their conduct we learn how to attend to the tasks of justice and responsibility in the aftermath of disaster by being responsive to the suffering and by recognising the disastrous effects of our action. We also learn how attending to the tasks of inheritance is vital for this.     

理性但不自由的良善意志——康德良善意志观的悖论解析

康德穿越了是与应当、认知与欲求的界限,强调人是目的的良善意志只以纯粹理性为根据,却不包含任何感性因素。结果在积极彰显不坑害人的素朴伦理常识的同时,不仅掏空了良善意志得以存在的事实性基础,而且也扭曲了其设定底线的规范性功能。最终在反讽性的自败悖论中,将这种自由意志变成了只服从必然义务,却难以从心所欲,因此也缺乏自由的抽象逻辑法则。     

Dismissal policies in the united states and europe: Employment at will versus just cause

This article presents employment termination as a question of social justice. Two main competing models for legal rules governing the dismissal of individual employees are detailed: The U.S. modified Employment at Will approach and the common European Just Cause approach. A method of moral analysis is proposed for assessing the conflicting arguments behind each model. A series of questions are identified that can serve as a research program for arriving at a normative judgment concerning the relative moral merits of the competing models.     

翻供原因分析及恶意翻供侦讯对策研究

长期以来,翻供问题一直困扰着司法机关的执法活动。特别是恶意翻供严重影响了正常的司法秩序,降低了司法效率,浪费了有限的司法资源。在侦讯工作中,如何采取合法有效的措施遏制恶意翻供现象的发生,既是一个常论常新的学术问题,也是一个迫切需要解决的实践问题。